USA paper1

• how far was prohibition successfully enforced? -1920s

  Success- Consumption declined by 30%, Death rates decreased by 42%, Crime rates decreased by 54%

  Failures- lacked support making most Americans lawbreakers, By 1925 there were more speakeasies than there had been legal saloons, More organised crime and violence
• How did the lives of black Americans change in the 1920s

  Improvements- Education and job opportunities better in the North, Black capitalist movement encouraged them to set up businesses, NAACP campaigned for an end to segregation. Problems- suffered from poverty, KKK grew to have 5 million members by 1928, Paid higher rent for poorer housing.
• why was there a Red Scare in the 1920s?

  Many Americans scared that recent immigration would bring political beliefs with them eg. communism Hoover built up 60,000 suspects 10000 people told they would be deported. Only 556/60,000 suspects had any basis of truth Sacco & Vanzetti: arrested in 1920 on suspicion of armed robbery, Due to their beliefs the trail became very unfair and basis. Their execution it lead to a storm of protesters around the world
• How did life change for women in the 1920s?

  Improvements- War gave them jobs, By 1929 there were 10 million female workers more than a 24% increase from 1920 Limitations- Paid less for the same jobs as men, were considered unelectable for powerful positions
• who lost from the Economic Boom?

  Farmers: 1919-1929 farm income dropped from $22-13 billion, 6 million farmers forced off their land Blacks/immigrants: last hired first fired, Still suffered from segregation in jobs, persecuted by the KKK Coal/steel workers: 1918 & 1920 coal and steel strikes due to low wages and bad conditions, Paid $9 for a 70 hour week, $48 was the required minimum
• Who gained from the Economic Boom?

  Assembly line workers: Unskilled workers were given work Women: employment rate increased by 24% Whites in Cities: everything made cheap due to mass production Immigrants: 70% of fords workers had immigrant backgrounds
• How did the 'Roaring 20s' change peoples lives?

  Entertainment: 1921 there was 1 licensed radio station but by 1922 there was 508 Jazz: became an obsession, was bought into America by Black people Cinema: the first Talkie was made after only having silent movies, became a multi-billion dollar business Cars: helped grow cities, took people to and from sports events, picnics, holidays and shopping
• What caused the Economic Boom?

  USA joining the war late, lost fewer resources , sold Europe lots of goods Assembly Lines mass produced fords, 1919 there was 9 million cars and by 1929 there were 26 million Sales and marketing techniques improved, total industrial sales went up by 50% Low taxation meant people had more money to spend on goods
• Was the New Deal a success or failure? 1930-1940

  Success- 200,000 blacks employed by the CCC, 460,000 women employed nationwide, banks became stabilised again, restored faith in the government Failures- agencies discriminated against blacks, 10.6 million people unemployed, Distribution of wealth was never solved
• How did the Second New Deal change America? 1930-1940

  Works Progress Administration (WPA): 8million jobs in 8 years, Built hospitals, school and roads. Increased employment but unemployment levels were still high Social Security Act (SSA): financial help to the sick and disabled. Pensions for elderly and widows. Set up employment insurance schemes. Continued the divide between rural & urban areas
• How did the First New Deal change America? 1930-1940

  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): helped men aged 18-25, earned $30 monthly sending $25 back to families. 2.5 million helped. Costly for tax payers

  Emergency Banking Act (EBA): 5000 trustworthy banks reopened, small banks couldn't reopen. Many believed the governement was interfering too much.

  National Recovery Administration (NRA): improved working conditions, fixed wages, stopped overproduction, 2million employers joined the scheme, Many though governement was acting like dictators
• Why did FDR win the 1932 President Election?

  Hoovers weakness: blamed for the wall street crash and depression, Blocked the Wagner-Garner Relief Bill which would've allowed $2.1 billion to create jobs

  FDR strengths: wanted to use government money to set up a job programme, set up a committee for prevention of unemployment, Spent $20 million on home & work Relief
• How successful was Hoover in dealing with the Great Depression? 1930-1940

  Believed in 'rugged individualism' was nicknamed the 'do nothing president'

  Bonus March, WW1 veterans wanted the war bonuses, McArthur used tear gas and burnt their camping sites

  Emergency Relief Act: Set Aside $300 million to provide unemployment pay

  gave $4 billion to state government to set up work schemes to provide work
• What caused the Wall Street Crash? 1930-1940

  Overproduction: too many goods, not enough people buying them

  Poor Income Distribution: Most Americans had incomes below $2000 a year

  Speculation: Banks lent to much money to people, so when prices increased people couldn't pay back loans, so banks lost everything
• How were the American People affected by the Great Depression? 1930-1940

  Socially: 1-20 farmers evicted, 12,000 people made unemployed daily, 238 people admitted to hospital from Malnutrition, 48 died

  Economically: Industrial & Farm production fell by 40%, 10,000 banks closed, 100,000 companies were bankrupt, Total Farm income dropped from $13-5 billion
• what were the 1960's civil rights protests?

  Greensboro sit-ins: end of 1960, in 126 cities restaurants became integrated

  Freedom rides: cities were ignoring the bus law, so there were protests where 200 got arrested

  March on Washington: 200,000 blacks & 50,000 whites attended. (Martin Luther King i have a dream speech)
• what were the 1950's civil rights protests?

  Brown vs Board: Linda Brown wasn't allowed to attend a white-only school, leading to all southern states to open integrated schools

  Montgomery Bus Boycott: Bus system lost about $3000 daily, in total losing around 65% of its income

  Little Rock Arkansas: Nine black children went to a white school and Eisenhower sent state troopers to protect them
• what were the effects of WW11 on America? 1950-1975

  Economic: spent $250 million per day, everyone had jobs in the army or in war production, 7 million women joined the work force, USA almost produced 50% of the world goods

  Social: Japanese Americans were forcibly sent to the east coast following the attack on Pearl Harbour, $400 million was taken from Japanese Americans
• What was the Black Nationalist Movement? 1950-1975


  went against the non-violent approach of the civil rights movements, they felt force was necessary to achieve equality

  Black Panthers: had 2000 members
• what were the 1960's Civil rights Acts

  Civil rights act 1: made it illegal for the local government to discriminate against blacks for jobs

  Voting rights act: agents inspected voting procedures making sure it was taking place properly, 430,000 blacks registered to vote

  Civil rights act 2: housing couldn't be sold or rented on a basis of race, religion or sex