Attachment

• What is Imprinting?


  innate readiness to develop a bond with their mother.
• What did Lorenz do?


  Split geese eggs. half imprinted on Lorenz and other half on their actual mother
• What did Lorenz find?

  Geese groups had no recognisition of each other and that the process of imprinting was irriversible
• What is a strength of Lorenz?


  Leghorn chickens imprited on a yellow glove and males tried to mate with it.
• What is a limitation of Lorenz?


  Leghorns reversed mating habits when they were reintroduced with their own species
• What did Harrlow do?


  4 monkeys had milk on wire monkey and 4 monkeys had milk on cloth mother.
• What did Harrlow find?

  Monkeys only went to the cloth mother when they were scared. Monkeys spent 17 to 18 hours with the cloth mother compared to 1 hour with wire mother. Suggests Comfort is more important.
• What are limitations of Harrlows study?

  The cloth mother look more realistic than the wire mother. Using animals is unethical as there were long term effects such as harming their young. Using animals means the research cannot be generalised to humans as we are more complex.
• What is the learning theory based on?


  Nurture - our environment
• What is drive reduction in the learning theory?


  innate urge to fullfill primary urges like hunger
• How is classical condtioning used to create an attachment in the learning theory?


  The caregive (NS) and food (UCS) is associated with pleasure (UCR)
• How is operant conditioning used to strengthen an attachment in the learning theory?


  Reinforcement as crying gains a response from the caregiver. Negative reinforcement as responding to noise stops it.
• How does Harrlow disprove the learning theory?

  Harrlow support comfort rather than food in attachments
• Why is the learning theory reductionist?


  It ignores complex behaviours that promote interaction.
• Why is the learning theory deterministic?


  Focuses on the environment rather than biology
• What is Bowlbys Theory based on?


  Nature - genetic survival
• What is Monotropy in Bowlbys theory?


  The special bond between infant and parent. Mother is the most important to attachment
• What are social releasers in Bowlbys theory?


  Behaviours that promote interaction to create a attachment
• What is the Critical period?

  Time after birth where attachment is critical (3 months to 3 years)
• What is the internal working model in Bowlbys theory?


  A template for future attachments that play a role later in life.
• How does tronick support Bowlbys theory?


  African tribal babies still form an attachment to their mother although other women breast feed (Montropy)
• What is a limitation os Bowlbys theory?


  It is out of date as 1/10 families are father led
• What is Reciprocity?


  Turn taking to promote interaction
• How did Murray research reciprocity?


  2 month old babies interacted with mother via a videoscreen, but video did not respond so baby continued to try (innate)
• What is interactional synchrony?

  mirroring actions at the same time
• How did Meltzoff and Moore research interactional synchrony?


  Adult pulled faces at a baby. A blind judge only saw the baby and found that their is clear associations in behaviours.
• What are limitations of Meltzoff and Moore research?


  53 babies where withdrawn due to harsh critieria. Have to infere obvious actions as babies are unable to communicate
• How does Isabella disprove Meltzoff and Moore?


  Type B infants mirrored more so ignores individual differences'