protien

• Amino acid


  • Amine Group (-NH2)
  • Carboxylic Acid Group (-COOH)
  • Side Chain (R Group)
• Condensation reactions forming dipeptides and longer chains of amino acids


  Amino Acid + Amino Acid → Dipeptide + Water
• All organisms use the same twenty amino acids to build their proteins
• All twenty amino acids will have an amine group (-NH2) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
• Each amino acid has a different R group. The R group determines the chemical properties and behavior of the amino acid
• Dipeptide


  A peptide bond forms between the carbon of the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and the amine group of the second amino acid
• Peptide Bond


  The bond formed between the carbon of the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and the amine group of the second amino acid
• Polypeptide


  A long chain of amino acids
• Amino acids


  • Essential
  • Non-Essential
• Vegan diets require attention to ensure essential amino acids are consumed
• Humans can synthesize eleven of the amino acids, which are known as non-essential amino acids
• The other nine amino acids that humans require are known as essential amino acids and must be consumed in the diet
• Meat and animal products are considered complete proteins, as they contain all nine of the essential amino acids
• Most plant sources of protein do not provide all of the essential amino acids
• Genes on DNA code for polypeptide chains, which form proteins
• Polypeptides in proteins can have any number of amino acids. Human polypeptides range from 51 amino acids in insulin to 34000 in titin
• Amino acids can occur in any order in a polypeptide, meaning that the variety of possible polypeptides is infinite
• Denaturation


  A conformational change in the shape of a molecule, such as a protein, resulting in the loss of function
• Proteins can be denatured by extreme changes in pH and temperature


  Functional Protein → Denatured Protein
• How do abiotic factors influence the form of molecules?

  Proteins can be denatured by extreme changes in pH and temperature
• What is the relationship between the genome and the proteome of an organism?

  Genes on DNA code for polypeptide chains, which form proteins