EMERGING AND REEMERGING DISEASES

• Disease


  any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms.
• structural or functional


  Disease is any harmful deviation from the normal __________ or _________state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms.
• Infection


  occurs when an infectious agent enters the body and begins to reproduce; may or may not lead to disease
• Infectious disease


  a disease caused by an infectious agent such as a bacterium, virus, protozoan, or fungus that can be passed on to others
• Pathogen


  an infectious agent that causes disease
• Emerging Infectious Diseases


  Infections that have recently appeared within a population or those whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing or threatens to increase in the near future.
• incidence or geographic range


  EID are infections that have recently appeared within a population or those whose _____________ is rapidly increasing or threatens to increase in the near future.
• HIV


  Human Immunodeficiency Virus

  (HIV) HIV1 HIV2
• HIV


  Unprotected sexual intercourse

  Sharing contaminated needles among intravenous drug users Vertical transmission

  Limited access to prevention and treatment services

  Stigma and discrimination
• HIV-1


  which type of HIV has high infectivity?
• HIV-1


  which type of HIV has high virulence?
• HIV-1


  which type of HIV has higher heterosexual spread?
• 20-25%


  vertical transmission percentage of HIV-1?
• lesser or equal to 5%


  vertical transmission percentage of HIV-2?
• HIV-2


  which type of HIV has lower genetic diversity?
• Global


  prevalence of HIV-1
• West Africa


  prevalence of HIV-2?
• Common Chimpanzee


  Origin of HIV-1?
• Sooty Mangabey


  Origin of HIV-2
• lesser/equal to 10 yrs

  HIV-1 Time to Aids
• greater/equal to 20 yrs


  HIV-2 Time to Aids
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS 2)


  SARS-CoV-2
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS 2)


  Delay in Recognition and Response

  Genetic Variation

  Global Travel
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)


  MERS-CoV
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)


  Global travel

  Animal contact
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus


  virus species of MERS
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus


  virus species of SARS
• MERS-CoV


  individuum of MERS
• SARS-CoV


  individuum of SARS
• SARS-CoV-2


  individuum of Covid-19
• Saudi Arabia (2019)


  MERS was first reported in?
• China (2002)


  SARS was first reported in?
• China (2019)


  Covid-19 was first reported in?
• 2521+


  # of infections of MERS
• 8098


  # of infections of SARS
• 3,500,000+


  # of infections of Covid-19
• 34%


  fatality rate of MERS
• 10%


  fatality rate of SARS
• 1%


  fatality rate of Covid-19
• none


  preventive/curative treatment for MERS