animalia

• what are choanoflagellates?


  single-celled flagellated protist, closest living relatives of animals, forms colonies
• animals are?


  ingestive heterotrophs: obtains energy and carbon by bringing food into the body, digesting and absorbing it internally
• what are some animals that are decomposers?


  millipedes, earthworms, and termites: they eat dead organisms and wastes
• what is locomotion?


  something animals exhibit at some stage of the life cycle (self-directed movement of the whole body)
• what do major groups of animals differ in?

  their body plan, the overall organization of the body
• what is a sponge?


  a loose collection of cells, each cells functioning largely independently from others
• what are choanocytes ?

  sticky secretions to snare passing food
• what are spicules ?


  sharp structures that help protect and provide structural support to sponges
• what are cnidarians?

  • one of the first animal groups to have evolved true tissues
• muscle tissue is found in all animals except ?

  sponges and placozoans
• what types of symmetry do most animals exhibit?

  radial or bilateral
• what is radial symmetry?


  its gives sessile animals greater access to their environment
• what is bilateral symmetry?


  divides the body into two halves that mirror, leads to cephalization
• what is an organ?

  has a definite shape, size, and location in the body
• what is an organ system?

  when 2 or more organs work together
• what are body cavities?

  allows an animal's internal organs to grow freely and function independently
• many animals have repeated units called?


  segments
• what are appendages?


  specialized body parts that arise from body segments and enable diverse adaptations to new habitats
• what are sponges?


  filter feeders that feed on bacteria, amoebas and other organisms they acquire from their environment
• what are the three main group of sponges?

  desmosponges, glass sponges, and calcareous sponges
• what compromises the largest branch of the evolutionary tree of animals ?

  protostomes
• most annelids have a simple brain connected to a pair of what?

  nerve cords
• what are the most familiar annelids and are important decomposers?

  earthworms
• what is one of the most diverse phylum of animals and includes shellfish, snails, slugs, squid, and octopi?

  mollusca
• what are cephalopods?


  marine animals that include the nautilus, squid, and cuttlefish
• what are ecdysozoans?


  very large group of protostomes that shed their outer covering on a regular bases in a process known as molting
• what are arthropodas?


  ecdysozoans that have jointed body parts
• arthropods have a hard outer exoskeleton that is made out of ?

  Chitin
• what does the insects respiratory system allow?

  gases to move directly to and from the bloodlike body fluid
• what is metamorphosis?


  multistep process through which immature forms of animals are transformed into adults
• what are vertebrates?


  animals with an internal vertebral column composed of hollow cylindrical sections
• what are tetrapods?


  terrestrial vertebrates with four limbs
• birds are what and maintain a constant internal temperature
• what are monotremes?


  Mammals that lay eggs.
• what are marsupials?


  Mammals with pouches.
• what are eutherians?


  Placental mammals
• all mammals are endotherms and what?

  homeotherms