2nd quarter

• Reflection


  Bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface
• Specular reflection


  Regular reflection where the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
• Diffuse reflection


  Irregular reflection that illuminates shaded areas
• Law of reflection


  The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
• Magnification


  Ratio of the image dimensions to the object dimensions
• Real image


  Image formed when rays converge
• Virtual image


  Image shown when rays only appear to diverge
• Upright image


  Image that is right side up
• Inverted image


  Image that is upside down
• Lateral inversion


  Phenomenon where the left side of the object appears on the right side of the reflected image and vice versa
• Concave mirror


  Reflecting surface that is a section of a sphere, seen on the inside
• Convex mirror


  Reflecting surface that is a section of a sphere, seen on the outside
• Principal axis


  Line passing through the exact center of a concave mirror
• Center of curvature


  Point in the center of the sphere from which the mirror was sliced
• Vertex


  Point on the mirror surface where the principal axis meets the mirror
• Focal point


  Point midway between the vertex and the center of curvature
• Convex mirror


  Always produces virtual, upright, smaller image on opposite side
• Focal length is positive for concave mirrors, negative for convex mirrors</b>
• Image height is positive for upright images, negative for inverted images</b>
• Convex lens


  Converges parallel light rays
• Concave lens


  Diverges parallel light rays
• Principal axis


  Line passing through the exact center of a lens
• Focal point


  Point where light converges for a convex lens, or diverges for a concave lens
• 2F point


  Point on principal axis twice as far from vertical axis as focal point
• Object beyond 2F point


  Image is inverted, smaller
• Object at 2F point


  Image is inverted, equal size
• Object between 2F point and focal point


  Image is inverted, enlarged
• Object at focal point


  No image formed
• Object in front of focal point


  Image is upright, enlarged
• Concave lenses always produce virtual, upright, smaller images
• Focal length is positive for convex lenses, negative for concave lenses