Living env vocab

• Amino acids


  are the individual units that bond together to form a protein

  (polypeptide).
• Amino acids are the individual units that bond together to form

  polypeptide
• Monosaccharides (glucose)


  are the individual units that bond to

  together to form a polysaccharide (such as starch)
• monosaccharides are the individual units that bond to together to form a

  polysaccharide
• Enzymes


  are protein molecules that catalyze (help) chemical reactions.
• The 3-dimensional shape of a __ it important to its proper functioning.

  molecule
• are prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles.

  Bacteria
• contains DNA in eukaryotic cells.

  The nucleus
• are organelles found in autotrophic cells that produce glucose in the process of photosynthesis.

  Chloroplasts
• are the organelles where aerobic cellular respiration occurs to produce ATP energy in cells.

  Mitochondria
• The cell membrane is a ___ around a cell.

  selectively permeable boundary
• is from high to low concentration will occur across a membrane if the molecules are small and unchanged.

  Diffusion
• A large surface area will allow for a fast rate of ___ into a cell. (e.g. root hairs, villi)

  diffusion
• occurs when membrane proteins use ATP energy to carry materials into and out of a cell.

  Active transport
• in cell membranes attach to specific molecules.

  Receptor proteins
• Many of the cells inside the human body are ___ to carry out specific functions.

  differentiated
• While all cells have the same DNA, some genes are activated and others inactivated, causing cells and tissues to ___

  Differentiate
• involves a diploid cell dividing into two identical daughter cells

  Mitosis
• Cancer involves body cells dividing uncontrollably by ___

  Mitosis
• is the process of producing monoploid cells

  Meiosis
• is one of the factors responsible for producing variation among the gametes produced by an organism

  Meiosis
• New individuals of an existing species are produced through the process of __

  reproduction
• produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.

  Asexual reproduction
• ___ and chromosomal abnormalities may be passed on the next generation if they are located in cells that produce gametes(sperm and egg)

  DNA mutations
• ___ is the hormone that stimulates gamete (sperm) production and the formation of secondary sex characteristics in males such as deeper voices, public hair, etc

  Testosterone
• Modern cell biology techniques allow complex organisms such as mammals to be ___

  clones
• ___ is the process that involves the connecting of a haploid (monoploid) sperm cell with a haploif(monoploid) egg cell to form a ___ cell called a ___

  Fertilization, diploid, zygote
• __is the type of mitosis cell division without a change in cell size involved in ____

  Cleavage, embryonic development
• During pregnancy in humans, the chorion, amnion, and __ are

  necessary to maintain homeostasis.


  placenta
• If parents with desirable characteristics are selected to mate, the chance that

  their offspring will possess the ___ for these characteristics is high.

  allelles
• Genetic diseases are inherited through DNA codes and are transmitted from

  parents to offspring during sexual reproduction.
• Each ___ holds hundreds of genes. 46 chromosomes hold 40,000

  genes.

  chromosome