C4 Provide First Aid & cardiorespiratory resuscitation

• Four P's of first aid


  preserve life

  prevent further injury

  protect the casualty

  promote recovery
• First aiders and the law


  they do not have legal obligation to provide first aid, however they owe them a duty of care if they are under their supervision/care

  even if there is a duty of care, you are not expected to provide first aid if it would put you in danger
• Gaining consent


  this is when a casualty gives permission for you to provide first aid.

  without consent you could be charged for assault.

  if they are unconscious, consent is implied.

  if the casualty is a minor, parental consent should be obtained
• How to recognise an emergency situation


  a possible emergency situation can be identified when you:

  • hear something unusual
  • see something unusual
  • smell something stronger or unusual
  • note an immediate change in someones behaviour
• Common workplace hazards


  include:

  • physical
  • biological
  • chemical
  • manual handling
• Danger?


  you may need to move the casualty but doing so may cause further injuries. moving should only occur when:

  • they need to preserve the safety of themselves and the casualty
  • protection from extreme weather
  • it is required to preserve their airways and breathing
  • you have to control a persons injuries ~ severe bleeding
• Responsive?


  COWS

  can you hear me?

  open your eyes.

  what is your name?

  squeeze my hand
• Airway?


  airway blocked = chest compressions not effective

  to check, open their mouth and look for any obstructions, roll into recovery position, open mouth and try to remove it with two fingers. be careful to not push it down further.

  airway is clear, put them on their back and tilt chin to the sky
• Breathing?


  look ~ chest rising and falling

  listen ~ place your ear near their mouth and nose

  feel ~ for breath by hovering your hand over their mouth and nose

  do not take more than 10 seconds to identify if they're breathing
• CPR


  performed at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute

  at a one third depth of their chest cavity

  30 compressions & 2 breaths ~ complete five cycles every two minutes
• RICER & No HARM

  rest

  ice

  compression

  elevation

  referral

  heat

  alcohol

  running

  massage
• Incident document details


  date & time

  casualty details + contact details

  allergies, medication and/or known medical conditions

  location of the incident

  description of the injury

  vital signs

  fluid output

  treatment

  referral

  witness

  signatures
• Confidentiality 


  something kept private or secret

  a person's privacy is maintained under the Privacy Act 1988

  ensures that people's personal information is protected by regulating how it is handled
• Maintaining confidentiality 


  casualty understands why their details are being documented

  casualty understands who their information will be shared with

  allow the casualty to read over the document ~ accuracy

  keep documentation secure

  not discussing the incident without permission
• Debriefing


  this involves discussing the incident to help a person involved recover

  includes:

  • individual's experience and how they felt
  • what happened, sequence of events
  • what you could have done differently
  • need for any further help or support
• Importance of debriefing


  allows people to deal with and work through psychological effects of being involved in an incident through reflecting on what happened.