ap finals

• crust- natigas at mabatong bahagi
• Heograpiya is the study and description of the world
• Greece


  Where geography started
• Herodotus


  "Father of Geography"
• Absolute Location


  Exact location
• Relative Location


  • Neighboring country location
  • Island location
• The Philippines is located in the north
• Place


  Human, livelihood, religion, politics
• Topography


  Landforms, bodies of water
• Region


  Why it is important to study
• Understanding the geography of a place helps understand its history
• Artifacts


  Stone tools
• Fossils


  Human and animal bones
• Evolution


  Physical changes in humans
• Charles Darwin


  Proposed theory of evolution, English naturalist
• Darwin travelled to Galapagos to study animals and prove evolution
• Natural Selection


  Process where individuals with desirable traits survive and reproduce faster
• Survival of the Fittest


  Supports the theory of Natural Selection
• Stages of Human Evolution


  • Australopithecus
  • Homo Habilis
  • Homo Erectus
  • Homo Sapiens
• Australopithecus


  First stage, "Lucy" is the most famous fossil
• Homo Habilis


  Bipedalism, Handyman
• Homo Erectus


  Able to stand and walk, discovered fire, no permanent home (nomadic), Peking Man, Java Man
• Homo Sapiens


  Thinking Man, permanent homes, agriculture
• Devolution


  Negative change
• Paleolithic


  From the words "palaios" (old) and "lithos" (stone), Old Stone Age
• Ways of Living in Paleolithic Period


  • Hunting
  • Gathering
  • Using stone tools
  • Learned to make fire
  • Nomadic
• Fertile Crescent


  Vast and fertile land between the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf
• Sumerian Civilization


  Earliest civilization in the world
• Cuneiform


  Writing system of the Sumerians
• Babylonian Empire


  King Hammurabi
• Hammurabi's Code


  High stone in the middle of the city, "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth"
• If a son injured his father, his hand would be cut off
• Features of Indus Civilization


  • Citadel
  • Great bath
  • Granary
  • Well
• Shang Dynasty


  First dynasty in China
• Two Rivers in China


  • Huang Ho/Yellow River (China's sorrow)
  • Yangtze
• Oracle Bones


  Bones used for divination
• Egypt


  "The Gift of the Nile"
• Sahara


  Largest desert
• Pharaoh


  King and god of the Egyptians
• Pyramid


  Tombs of the Pharaohs, Khufu's is the largest