Ethics and deviance

• Match Fixing in Sport


  • john higgins snooker
  • 21 (tarian football scandal
• Violence in Sport


  • luis Suarez footballer. bit opponent.
  • mike tyson, boxing bit opponent ear off
• Blood Doping


  • Increased RBC
  • Increased O2 delivery
• Process of Blood Doping


  1. Take blood out

  2. Freeze

  3. Exercise (get RBC back up)

  4. Reinject blood
• Who uses Blood Doping

  • Long distance athletes
• Examples of Drugs and Their Effects

  • Anabolic Steroids: increased power (e.g. sprinters)
  • Beta Blockers: reduces muscle tremors/HR (e.g. archery)
  • Stimulants: increases alertness (e.g. boxing)
  • Masking Agents: reduces pain (e.g. any athlete, injured)
  • Diuretics: increases urine production (e.g. jockey)
• Legal Supplements


  • Creatine
  • Caffeine
  • Protein (shakes)
• Advantages of Legal Supplements


  • No consequences
  • Improve performance
  • Safer than PEDS
• Disadvantages of Legal Supplements


  • Not as effective or long lasting
  • Potential side effects (e.g. creatine can cause digestive issues)
  • Contaminated with PEDS
• Society seen as corrupt and full of unethical citizens (win at all costs)
• Some see drug taking as inevitable
• Drug use can lead to passivity over unethical behaviour
• Drug use can be a wake up call for cleaner and more ethical behaviour in sport
• What are anabolic steroids used for?


  To increase muscle strength and size
• What is a potential benefit of using anabolic steroids?


  Increased power
• What are some negative effects associated with anabolic steroids?


  Roid rage and heart issues
• Which athletes might use anabolic steroids?


  Weightlifters, shot putters, and sprinters
• What is the primary function of beta blockers?


  To slow the heart rate
• How do beta blockers help athletes?


  They reduce muscle tremors and shakiness
• What is a risk of using beta blockers?


  They can slow the heart rate too much
• In which sport might beta blockers be used?


  Archery
• What is the effect of stimulants on the body?


  They increase alertness
• How do stimulants affect reaction time?


  They lead to quicker reaction times
• What are some risks associated with stimulant use?


  Heart issues
• Which sports commonly use stimulants?

  Boxing and 100m sprint
• What are performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and their ethical implications?


  • Substances used to improve athletic performance
  • Ethical concerns regarding fairness and health risks
  • Potential for deviance in sports
• What is the function of diuretics in sports?


  To increase urine production
• What is a benefit of using diuretics?


  Weight loss
• What is a risk associated with diuretics?


  Dehydration
• In which sport might diuretics be used?

  Jockeying
• What is blood doping?


  Removing blood, training, and reinfusing it to increase RBC count
• What is a benefit of blood doping?


  Increased oxygen delivery
• What is a risk associated with blood doping?


  Risk of infection from needles
• Which athletes might use blood doping?


  Marathon runners
• Who is a notable footballer known for biting an opponent?

  Luis Suarez
• What are some reasons for violence in sport?

  • Nature of the game (e.g., rugby)
  • Rivalry (e.g., Liverpool vs. Forest)
  • Cheating (rule breaking)
  • Win at all costs mentality
  • Provocation
  • Use of weapons
  • Equipment (humanities)
• What are some societal implications of violence in sport?

  • Tradition/hooliganism
  • Deindividualism
  • Rivalry
  • Frustration
  • Provocation
  • Alcohol/drugs
  • Violence mimicked
• What are some implications of violence in sport for performers?


  • Reflects society
  • Parents may stop children from participating
  • Violence copied by others
  • Bad reputation for the sport
  • Encourages hooliganism
  • Lengthy bans for players
  • Global brand damage affecting future sponsorship and investment
  • Loss of sponsors
  • Criminal record implications
• What are some strategies to prevent violence in sport?

  • Harsher punishments
  • Education
  • More qualified officials
  • Psychological support
  • Improved spectator facilities (or keeping them separate)
  • Separate exits for spectators
  • Ban on alcohol
  • Increased policing
• What are some reasons for match fixing in sports?


  Money, bribery, and gaining an advantage