Memory

• Johnson and Scott - what was the difference between the conditions?


  Those in Condition 2 experienced 16% lower rates of accurate recall comapred with those in Condition 1. Almost 1/2 in condition 1 correctly identified the man. However, only 1/3 in condition 2 were able to.
• Who took part in Bahrick’s study?

  392 pp’s
• What areas of the brain are the different types of LTM associated with?

  Episodic = hippocampus

  Semantic = temporal lobe

  Procedural = motor cortex and cerebellum
• What was Clive Wearing unable to do?

  Due to a virus that had caused severe amnesia - damaging his brain, particularly his hippocampus - he was unable to transfer information from his STM to his LTM.

  However, he was able to retrieve information.

  The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new memories.
• How many pp’s did Christianson and Hubinette question? (Had witnessed bank robberies)

  110 - either bank tellers, or bystanders
• What was the main difference in speed estimates found by Loftus and Palmer?

  Thsoe exposed to the word ‘smashed’ gave a speed estimate 8.7x greater than those who’d had ‘contacted’.
• Who showed that the presence of cues can overcome the effects of interference?

  Tulving and Pstoka

  • pp’s given 5 lists of 24 words to learn
  • each word could be placed in one of 6 categories.
• What did Peterson and Peterson find out?

  Increasing retention intervals decreased accuracy of memory recall for the trigrams.

  After 3 seconds = 80% of trigrams were recalled correctly

  After 6 seconds = 50%

  After 18 seconds = less than 10%
• What did Fisher find comparing the standard interview technique with the CI technique?

  The cognitive interview technique produced 46% increase in recall. And, where possible to confirm, had 90% accuracy.
• What difference did Godden and Baddeley find between conditions?

  They found that accurate recall was 40% lower in non-matching conditions.
• Who tested state-dependent forgetting using antihistamine drugs?

  Carter and Cassaday
• The role of the hippocampus is to hold short-term memories, and transfer them to long-term storage in our brains.

  It helps humans to process and retrieve declarative memories