Feedback

• Intrinsic feedback is from internal proprioceptors about the feel of the movement involving kinaesthesis.
• Extrinsic feedback comes from external sources often giving strategies for improvement.
• Knowledge of results consists of feedback about the outcome such as the score.
• Knowledge of performance consists of feedback about how good your technique is.
• Positive feedback reinforces skill learning and gives information about successful outcomes.
• Negative feedback gives information about unsuccessful outcomes and can be used to build strategies.
• Effective feedback must be concise, constructive, related to the individual, correspond to stage of learning and be provided immediately after performance.
• Advantages of intrinsic feedback are it doesn't require the help of another person and it is immediate.
• Disadvantages it's limited to the cognitive stage of learning and the wrong kinaesthetic feel can be taken as correct.
• Advantages of extrinsic feedback is it can be motivating if your improving and can be more accurate than intrinsic as comes from a knowledgeable coach.
• Disadvantages of extrinsic feedback is that performers can become too reliant on external feedback reducing kinaesthesis and if inaccurate can decrease performance.
• Advantages of positive feedback is it strengthens S-R bonds and is motivating building performers confidence.
• Disadvantages of positive feedback is it may reinforce the incorrect dominant response resulting in the perform performing the skill inccorectly repeatedly.
• Advantages of negative feedback are autonomous performers want this to improve and highlights areas for improvement.
• Disadvantages of negative feedback is it can be demotivating especially for cognitive learners and can reduce confidence and motivation.
• Advantages of knowledge of results is it's needed to know if the actual movements was successful and is based on data and therefore measurable.
• Disadvantages of knowledge of results is it's too statistic and only gives feedback on outcome and not technique.
• Advantages of knowledge of performance is it can be intrinsic involving self monitoring and can be in the form of a video watching what needs to be improved.
• Disadvantages of knowledge of performance is it can be demotivating if unsuccessful or negative and intrinsic feedback is less likely for cognitive learners.