GROUP 5

• asphalts were used as cements to hold stonework together in boat building and as waterproofing in pools and baths.
• Egyptians made use of asphalt in the mummification process and as building materials.
• bitumen are mainly composed of a mixture of high-molecular hydrocarbons, methane, napthane and other aromatic series and their oxygen or sulphur derivatives.
• tars are bituminous condensates obtained in the process of destructive distillation of coal, petroleum, wood and other organic materials at high temperature without access of air.
• tar is composed of hydrocarbons and their sulphurous, nitrous and oxygen derivatives.
• asphalt on the other hand is a naturally-occurring bitumen which is a combination of an inorganic mineral matter either calcareous or siliceous and an organic matter-a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen.
• bitumen is a non-crystalline solid or viscous derived from petroleum, by natural or refinery process and substantially soluble in carbon disulphide.
• bitumen is asphalt in solid state and mineral tar in semi fluid state.
• bitumen emulsion is a liquid containing bitumen to a great extent in an aqueous medium.
• blown bitumen is obtained by passing air under pressure.
• cut-back bitumen is obtained by fluxing asphaltic bitumen.
• plastic bitumen consists of bitumen, thinner and suitable inert filler.
• straight run bitumen is the bitumen being distilled to a definite viscosity.
• petroleum bitumen is a product of processing crude petroleum residues.
• residual asphaltums are black or dark-brown solid substances.
• oxidized bitumen are produced by blowing air through petroleum residues.
• cracked bitumen are obtained by cracking
• artificial asphalt - pitch residue. it is formed of an admixture of coal, tar, pitch ground iron slag, sawdust, chalk, etc.
• cut-back asphalt distillation of asphalt in a volatile solvent.
• liquid asphalt - viscous residue
• mastic asphalt - pulverized natural rock
• refined asphalt is obtained by heating pitch to drive off the water and to draw off the mineral matter by segregating the impurities.
• rock asphalt is a naturally occurring rock formation.
• asphaltic cement is prepared by oxidizing asphalt at a high temperature.
• softening point test - this test is done to determine temperature susceptibility of the bitumen.