modern

• individuals = change in treatment:

  magic bullets

  ehrlich:

  • discovered salvarson 606 in 1909 which was a cure for syphillis

  domagk:

  • discovered protonsil in 1932 for blood poisoning
• what is a magic bullet?

  a chemical cure that kills microbes
• individuals and government = change in treatment

  1st antibiotic 1928

  alexander flemming:

  • noticed bacteria had been killed by mould (penicillin) on a petri dish. he then published his findings but didn’t explore it any further

  1939 Florey and chain:

  • made their own penicillin and experimented
  • 1940 - tested on a mouse
  • 1941 - used on a policeman with blood poisoning - it worked but they didn’t have enough so he died

  1944 the US government funded mass production, 2.3 million doses were given to allied casualties on d-day.
• changes in the cause - technology and science

  1953 DNA was discovered

  watson, crick, wilkin, and franklin worked together to understand the double helix structure.

  the human genome project - 2000 scientists worked together to decode and map the genome. the map was then used to identify mistakes if someone has genetic conditions.
• how did the human genome project help prevention?

  the human genome didn’t help treatment, but it helped prevention. for example if the gene coded for breast cancer was identified, breasts could be removed in order to prevent cancer from developing
• 21st century lung cancer

  Diagnosis - PET-CT scan to detect the cancerous cells

  treatment - operation to remover tumour if found early. Or radio/chemotherapy
• What did the government do to prevent lung cancer?

  Cigarette smoking was banned inside public spaces in 2006 and smoking was banned in cars with children in 2015
• changes in care = government and attitudes

  1948 NHS introduced by the government which marked the end of the laissez-faire approach. NHS claimed to “provide care from the cradle to the grave” through:

  • hospitals
  • gps
  • dentists
  • ambulances
• changes in prevention = government

  the government released lifestyle campaigns warning society of the dangers of drinking, taking drugs and smoking

  ”change-4-life” campaign to advertise eating more healthily and exercising
• changed in care = government

  • Mass vaccinations occurred for diphtheria and polio
  • the government introduced laws to provide healthy living conditions:

  For example, the Clean air act in 1956 and 1958 to prevent smog