Chem

• Metals and non-metals

  • Position in the periodic table (left and middle)
  • Good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Shiny
• Atoms in a compound

  Be able to state how many atoms of each element are in a compound
• Balancing chemical equations


  Recognise that there is a conservation of mass in any chemical reaction
• Salts formed from the reaction of the following acids

  • Sulphuric Acid - Sulphate
  • Nitric Acid - Nitrate
  • Hydrochloric Acid - Chloride
• Compounds ending in -ide

  Contain a metal and one non-metal
• Compounds ending in -ate

  Contain a metal, a non-metal and oxygen
• Types of reactions


  • Neutralisation (from yr 7)
  • Combustion/Oxidation
  • Thermal Decomposition
  • Metal + Acid
  • Displacement
• Deducing the order of reactivity

  From the results of a displacement reaction
• Test for hydrogen - squeaky pop when the gas is lit
• Test for Carbon Dioxide - limewater going cloudy when the gas is passed through it
• Test for Oxygen - relighting a glowing spint
• Rates of reaction


  Measure the rate of loss of reactant or the rate of formation of product
• Concentration


  Measure of the number of particles in a given volume
• Increasing concentration, temperature or surface area


  Increases the rate of reaction
• Investigations


  Change one thing, measure another, and keep all others the same
• Variables in an investigation

  Dependent, independent and controlled
• Investigating


  1. Suggest a simple plan

  2. Write a detailed method

  3. Construct suitable results tables
• Graphing


  Plot suitable graphs from given data including suitable axes scales, axes labels, line of best fit
• Anomalous data is not included in the average or line of best fit on a graph
• Interpreting graphs


  Read off values, draw tangents, calculate gradients, extrapolate data
• Concluding from data


  Interpret graphical and tabular data to draw conclusions
• Evaluating investigations


  Suggest suitable improvements
• Types of rock


  • Igneous
  • Sedimentary
  • Metamorphic
• Weathering


  1. Onion skin

  2. Freeze-thaw

  3. Chemical
• Rock features


  Relate to how the rock formed (crystal size, presence of layers or fossils)
• Use knowledge of rock formation to infer information about age of rock and details of how it may have formed
• Chemical terms


  • Atom
  • Element
  • Compound
  • Mixture
• Physical and chemical changes


  Difference between them
• Common elements and compounds


  • Names and symbols
• Interpreting formulas


  Identify the number of each type of atom within a formula
• In a reaction there is no change in mass as all elements are conserved, just their form rearranged
• States of matter


  • Arrangement of particles
  • Correct terms for transitions between states
• Interpreting state of a chemical

  From given information on melting or boiling point
• Separation techniques


  1. Filtration

  2. Crystallisation
• Acids, alkalis and bases


  What they are and how to identify them with indicators
• Neutralisation


  Reaction between an acid and a base, brings pH towards neutral, forms a salt and water
• Identifying salts


  From the names of the reacting acid and base, or from the formula
• pH scale


  What it means, how universal indicator can be used to identify pH