effects theories

• bandura's hypodermic needle theory would say the mass media could influence or effect a passive audience directly and uniformly by shooting or injecting them with messages designed to trigger a response eg that women are in danger
• Mean world syndrome- Gerbner developed the mean world index or syndrome, the mean world index finds that long-term exposure to television in which violence is frequent cultivates the image of a mean and dangerous world, in the killing's case for women. so prolonged exposure to violence in television media products can make people or women in this case feel the world is more dangerous