S.20 and AR for S.18

• JCC v Eisenhower - a wound is defined as a cut of both layers of skin, bleeding beneath the skin surface will not do, blood must be drawn
• DPP v Smith - GBH is really serious harm but only need be 'some' harm
• R v Burstow - GBH can include psychiatric injury
• R v Brown and Stratton - A collection of minor injuries can amount to GBH

  V suffered a broken nose and three lost teeth
• R v Dica - Biological GBH is where D knowingly passed on an STD. transmission of disease amounts to GBH
• R v Brown - v could not consent to serious harm intended
• R v Wilson - consent was allowed
• R v R - there is no longer immunity based on consent for a man who rapes his wife
• R v Savage - the MR for S.20 OAPA 1861 is malicious meaning intention or recklessness to wound or commit GBH