history crime and punishment

• Change


  Something becomes different
• Turning point


  The point at which something changes
• Continuity


  Something stays the same or similar
• There can be continuity in one sense and a change in another
• A turning point can be a turning point for one thing and not for another
• Types of crimes


  • Crimes against authority
  • Crimes against property
  • Moral crimes
  • Social crimes
• Crimes against authority


  Crimes which threaten the social structure of a society
• Crimes against authority


  • Peasant deliberately starting a fire on Lord's land
• Treason


  The act of betraying the king
• High treason


  Treason specifically against the king himself
• Crimes against property


  Taking or damaging someone else's stuff such as theft, robbery or arson
• Moral crimes


  Actions that don't cause anyone physical harm but things a society sees as indecent behavior
• Social crimes


  Crimes which are technically illegal but society doesn't disapprove of
• Categories of punishments


  • Retribution
  • Rehabilitation
  • Deterrence
• Retribution


  A punishment where the person being punished suffers
• Deterrence


  A punishment designed to stop people from committing the same crime
• Rehabilitation


  A punishment which seeks to make the person who committed the crime a better person
• Capital punishment


  Punishment by death
• Corporal punishment


  Punishment which causes a person physical harm or pain
• Trial by ordeal


  A trial where someone has to go through some kind of ordeal and the result determines their guilt or not
• Heresy


  The crime of going against the church
• Secular


  Independent of religion, not against it just separate from it
• Decriminalize


  To make something no longer a criminal offense
• Pardon


  To allow someone to get away with a crime unpunished
• Penal


  Anything relating to masses of punishment
• Hate crime


  A crime motivated by prejudice against a victim's race, gender, sexual orientation or disability
• Collective responsibility


  Where a group of people are all responsible for the actions of one another