My notes

• Savings


  Money kept in a licensed financial institution (e.g. bank, building society, post office, credit union) is far safer than money kept in a drawer or even a safe at home
• Options to consider before deciding where to save

  • Risk
  • Reward
  • Taxation
• Risk


  • Convenience
  • Benefits
  • Terms and conditions
• Savings with An Post are State guaranteed, which means they are 100% secure and will definitely be repaid by the government</b>
• All financial institutions offer slightly different rates of interest
• Annual Equivalent Rate (AER)


  The full rate of interest if all of the money is left in a savings account for a full year
• Taxation


  Deposit Interest Retention Tax (DIRT) is a tax on interest earned on savings. Some savings products offered by An Post are not subject to DIRT, e.g. Savings Certificates and Savings Bonds
• afford


  To have enough money to pay for something
• Hire purchase


  Paying for an item in instalments until it is fully paid for
• Bank Overdraft


  The Bank gives you permission to overdraft your current account
• Bank Overdraft


  • Suitable for people who find themselves short of cash at certain times
  • You must pay interest on any money you have overdrawn
  • Rate of interest is quite high
• Organism


  A living thing
• Characteristics of living things

  • Cells
  • Nutrition
  • Excretion
  • Response
  • Reproduction
• Cells


  The basic building blocks of living things
• Nutrition


  The way in which living things get their food
• Excretion


  The way in which living things get rid of wastes that they produce
• Response


  The way in which living things react to changes in their surroundings
• Reproduction


  The way in which living things produce new living things
• Living things include plants and animals
• Some living things do not move, grow or get energy
• Groups of living things

  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Others (Protists)
• Each of the five groups shown can be sub-divided into many smaller groupings
• Types of animals


  • Vertebrates (animals with backbones)
  • Invertebrates (animals without backbones)
• Vertebrates


  • Horse
  • Seagull
  • Frog
  • Snake
• Invertebrates


  • Spider
  • Earthworm
  • Fly
  • Jellyfish
• Biodiversity means the range of living things
• There is a huge range (or diversity) of living things on Earth
• Many living things' conditions are being lost due to human activities
• Negative impacts to the environment

  • Woodlands destroyed for housing and roads
  • Forests lost to supply wood for building
  • Lakes destroyed by pollution
• Living things are made of cells
• Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things
• Cells can divide to form two cells
• Living things grow by cell division
• Animal cell


  Has three main parts: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
• Cell membrane


  Holds the cell contents in place and controls what passes into and out of the cell
• Nucleus


  Acts as the control centre of the cell, contains chromosomes and genes
• Cytoplasm


  Watery liquid found between the nucleus and the cell membrane, carries out some cell reactions and supports tiny cell structures
• Mitochondrion


  Tiny structures that supply energy to the cell
• Plant cell


  Has five main parts: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole
• Cell wall


  Gives strength to the plant cell, made of cellulose