lesson 6

• Research methodology


  Written with 2 purposes in mind: Replicate and Evaluate
• Research methodology


  1. Provides enough detail for a competent reader to replicate the study and reproduce the results

  2. Ensures the study has undergone scientific process and the tools utilized are valid and reliable
• Research Methodology includes


  • Research Design
  • Research Locale
  • Population and Sampling/ Key Informant Selection
  • Research Ethics
  • Research Instruments
  • Data Collection
  • Data Analysis
• Research Design


  Discusses the approach (qualitative/quantitative) and design (phenomenology, experimental, descriptive, etc.) used in the study
• Research Locale


  • Description of the geographical characteristic of the place of study
  • Reasons why the specific setting was chosen
  • Anonymity must always be observed in special cases
• Population and Sampling/ Key Informant Selection

  • Description of the demographic characteristics of the participants
  • Explanation of the population and sampling procedures: Number of respondents, Profile of the respondents, Sampling technique used
• Non-Probability or Non-Random Sampling

  • There is a form of bias in the selection of sample
  • There is no assurance that each element in the population has the same equal chance of being selected as a sample
  • There is no assurance that each unit in the population is properly represented
  • The findings are limited to the sample
• Probability or Random Sampling


  • There is random selection of sample
  • Each element in the population has the same equal chance of being selected as a sample
  • There is greater representation in each unit in the population
  • The findings can be generalized to the population
• Types of Non-Probability Sampling

  • Convenience Sampling
  • Purposive Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Snowball Sampling
• Types of Probability Sampling

  • Simple Random Sampling
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Stratified Sampling
  • Cluster Sampling
• Research Instruments


  • Description of each questionnaire used: Number and types, Number of items, Whether the instrument is borrowed or self-made (for borrowed, permission must be obtained)
  • Description of any equipment/tools used, including modification and/or construction specific for the study
• Data Collection


  1. Step-by-step process explained comprehensively

  2. For studies with subjects exposed to intervention, the intervention must be described in detail
• Data Analysis


  Explains how data will be analyzed