Grand tour

• Rizal's mother, Doña Teodora


  Rizal's first patient, nearly blind
• Rizal's treatment for his mother's eyes

  Could not perform surgery due to cataracts not being ripe
• Rizal approached the JESUIT Fathers


  They refused to give him a copy he had sent them
• Rizal obtained a copy from a friend

  Allowing him to present it to Governor Terrero
• Governor Terrero


  A liberal-minded Spaniard, recognized the danger Rizal faced and took precautions
• Governor Terrero's actions for Rizal's safety

  1. Assigned a Spanish bodyguard, Lieutenant Don Taviel de Andrade

  2. Forwarded the novel to the Permanent Commission of Censorship, consisting of Priests and Laymen
• Reasons for Rizal's first journey abroad

  • Academic pursuit: UST's inadequate classroom, desire to pursue medical studies in a more advanced academic environment
  • Secret mission: Observed European life, culture, and governance for liberating Filipinos from Spanish rule
• Rizal's travel to Spain

  1. Departed on the Spanish steamer SALVADORA to Singapore in 1882

  2. Used the alias JOSE MERCADO for anonymity

  3. Explored historic sites during stopovers in Singapore and Ceylon

  4. Crossed the Indian Ocean, visited various ports like Colombo and Aden

  5. Encountered diverse cultures and languages along the Suez Canal

  6. Explored Naples and Marseille before reaching Barcelona, Spain
• Rizal's impressions of Barcelona

  Initially unimpressed but later found it welcoming and liberal
• Rizal's activities in Barcelona

  1. Engaged with Filipino community, wrote nationalistic essays like 'Amor Patrio'

  2. Urged Filipinos to love their country and embrace freedom and dignity
• Rizal's academic pursuits in Madrid

  1. Enrolled at Central University of Madrid for Medicine and Philosophy studies

  2. Balanced rigorous academic schedule with art lessons and language studies

  3. Practiced fencing, attended lectures, and managed time and finances efficiently
• Rizal's reading habits


  • Developed a habit of reading fiction and non-fiction novels from an early age
  • Found deep inspiration in novels like 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' and 'The Wandering Jew'
  • Enhanced sympathy for oppressed and unfortunate individuals
• Rizal's membership in Circulo Hispano-Filipino

  1. Joined the Hispano-Philippine Circle in Madrid

  2. Wrote a poignant poem 'They ask me for Verses' expressing his loneliness and sadness

  3. Became a Mason in Madrid, joining the Acacia Lodge as 'DIMASALANG'
• Rizal's studies in Paris

  1. Specialized in Ophthalmology in Paris and Berlin

  2. Assisted Dr. Louis de Weckert in Paris to learn eye operation techniques

  3. Engaged in artistic discussions and posed as a model for Juan Luna's paintings
• Rizal's time in Heidelberg, Germany

  1. Moved to Heidelberg for cost-effective living and further studies

  2. Worked at the University Eye Hospital under Dr. Otto Becker

  3. Explored ecumenism between German Catholics and Protestants

  4. Stayed with Protestant Pastor Karl Ullmer, engaging in discussions on religion
• Rizal's exploration of Leipzig, Dresden, and Berlin

  1. Translated works into Tagalog in Leipzig to share knowledge with Filipinos

  2. Interacted with notable figures like Professor Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer

  3. Joined various societies in Berlin and faced health issues due to delayed finances

  4. Received financial aid from Maximo Viola for the publication of 'Noli Me Tangere'
• Rizal's grand tour in Europe

  1. Visited Leitmeritz in Czech Republic

  2. Visited Prague in Czech Republic

  3. Visited Vienna in Austria

  4. Visited Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence in Italy

  5. Left Rome by train for Marseilles

  6. Boarded the steamer Djemnah on July 3, 1887

  7. Transferred to the steamer Haiphong at Saigon on July 30

  8. The Haiphong left Saigon for Manila on August 2
• Rizal had a happy homecoming
• Rizal's traits and pursuits


  • Passion and accomplishments fueled by true patriotism and courage
  • Known for wit and intelligence, admired by many Filipinos
  • Struggled in his quest for romance, balancing intellect and love
  • Travels led to diverse relationships that colored a significant part of his life
• Rizal's stance on women's empowerment


  Progressive for his time, challenging societal norms
• Rizal's romantic interludes


  • Bb. Segunda Katigbak - first love
  • Sra. Leonor Valenzuela - courtship with secret love letters
• Rizal's desire to marry Leonor Rivera


  Met with disapproval from his brother Paciano
• Rizal and Leonor's relationship

  Exchanged intercepted love letters, Leonor eventually got engaged to another man
• Leonor's mother coerced her to burn Rizal's letters but she kept the ashes
• Rizal's grief over Leonor's death


  Left him speechless for days
• Leonor Rivera


  Immortalized as Maria Clara in Noli Me Tangere
• Rizal's friendship with Consuelo Ortega y Rey


  Showed affection but their relationship did not progress beyond friendship
• Consuelo's engagement to Eduardo de Lete


  Influenced Rizal's decision not to pursue her romantically
• Seiko Usui


  Captivated Rizal during his time in Japan, embodying qualities he admired in an ideal woman
• Rizal's relationship with Seiko Usui

  Intense but brief, ended abruptly when Rizal had to leave Japan
• Rizal's friendship with Gertrude Beckett


  Gertrude's unreciprocated feelings led to Rizal's departure from London
• Rizal's stay in Belgium

  Made no mention of Suzanne Jacoby in his letters, focused on writing and other work
• Rizal's relationship with Nellie Boustead


  Intended to marry, faced challenges from Nellie's mother, remained friends after rejection
• Rizal's meeting and romance with Josephine Bracken


  Obstacles to marriage due to religious differences, resorted to common-law marriage
• Types of communication according to purpose

  • Informative
  • Persuasive
  • Entertainment
• Informative speech


  Provides information (history, theories, practical applications, etc.) to help listeners understand something unknown or not clearly understood
• Informative speech


  • Helps listeners understand a topic in a more in-depth manner by providing: new data, data not readily available to everyone, data already known by the audience but looked at in a different way
• Persuasive speech


  Written to persuade or convince the listeners of the validity of the speaker's argument, which might involve persuading someone to change their opinion or consider new elements
• Entertainment speech


  Intends to captivate an audience's attention and amuse them while delivering a message, but the purpose is not only to tell jokes or have the audience laughing throughout
• Types of speech according to delivery

  • Read speech
  • Memorized speech
  • Impromptu speech
  • Extemporaneous speech