Diseases

• what is a disease


  any condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism
• what are the 2 types of diseases

  infectious, non-infectious
• what are infectious diseases

  diseases caused by agents, called pathogens, which can be passed from one individual to another
• what are non-infectious diseases

  inherited, nutritional, environmental diseases
• inherited disease


  transmitted genetically during reproduction
• nutritional disease


  cause by insufficient or inadequate diet
• environmental disease


  the result of environmental factors, such as exposure to dangerous chemicals
• what type of disease is cancer

  non-infectious
• diseases that are contagious are causes by a pathogen (infectious)
• pathogens 


  microorganism agents that can cause infectious diseases and can be passed from one organism to another
• how can infectious diseases be spread

  sneezing

  vectors

  coughing

  physical contact

  contaminated objects

  water supply
• parasites


  live at the expense of their hosts and need a host to survive
• endoparasites


  live inside an organism e.g. tape worm
• ectoparasites


  attach to the outside of an organism e.g. head lice
• vectors


  organisms that carry pathogens between organisms
• bacteria 


  microscopic single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments and have a cell wall
• where can bacteria live

  within soil, in the ocean, and inside the human gut
• bacteria can be helpful to human e.g. curdling milk into yogurt or destructive e.g. causing diseases
• are bacteria living 


  yes
• are viruses living


  no
• •Viruses are intracellular parasites, meaning they cannot replicate outside of cells.
• what is a single virus particle


  viron
• what are virons composed of

  genetic material, either DNA or RNA, enclosed in a protein coat, called a capsid.
• what can viruses infect

  all living things, even bacteria
• what is a microbe 


  living organisms that can only be viewed from under a microscope
• why are viruses not a microbe but still a pathogen

  Viruses aren't considered microbes because they lack the ability to live on their own, but they can still be pathogens due to their ability to cause disease.
• what are 3 types of pathogens

  bacteria, virus, fungi
• what is an outbreak

  a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season.
• only some microbes are pathogens
• what is an example of bacteria

  salmonella
• what type of cells are bacteria

  unicellular, simple
• how can bacteria cause disease

  release toxins, kill cells
• what are examples of viruses

  flu, covid, cold
• what is the cell information of viruses

  Non-living
• how do viruses cause disease

  hijack cells, kill cells to reproduce
• what is an example of Fungi

  Athletes foot (tinea)
• what is the cell information of fungi

  unicellular, and multicellular
• how do fungi cause diseases


  feed off their host
• what are the effects of a pathogen

  bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms
• what is the specificity of pathogens


  they are not so specific