The Circulatory System

• The Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood via the circulatory system to the lungs and body
• Blood Vessel is a hollow tube that carries blood to and from body tissues
• Cardiovascular System is the transportation of blood and oxygen throughout the body
• Blood is the bodily fluid in which blood cells are suspended
• Open Circulatory System is a circulatory system in which vessels open into the animal's body cavity
• Closed Circulatory System is a circulatory system in which the circulating blood is contained within vessels and kept separate from the interstitial fluid
• Semilunar Valve is a valve between the ventricle and the large arteries; it carries blood away from the heart
• Atrioventricular Valve is a valve in the heart between the ventricle and atrium
• Pulmonary Circulation is the path blood follows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• Systemic Circulation is the path blood that follows from the heart to the body and back to the heart
• Cardiac Circulation is the movement of blood through the heart tissues
• Vasodilation is the widening of the blood vessels
• Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels
• Tricuspid valve has 3 flaps of tissue and it separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
• Mitral valve (or bicuspid) has 2 flaps of tissue and it separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
• The main functions of the circulatory system include transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products around the body, regulating internal temp. and transporting chemical substances that are important for health, and protecting against blood loss from injury and disease
• The Atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins
• Ventricles are the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the body and lungs
• The Septum is a structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart and allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
• Valves are found in the heart and blood vessels to prevent backflow of blood
• The Open Circulatory System allows blood to flow freely within the body cavity and makes direct contact with organs and tissues. Organisms include insects and crustaceans
• The Closed Circulatory System is when blood is kept physically contained within vessels follows a continuous fixed path of circulation and is confined to a network of vessels. Organisms include earthworms, birds, and humans
• The Superior Vena Cava allows blood from the upper body to enter the heart via this vein. Deoxygenated
• The Inferior Vena Cava allows blood from the lower body to enter the heart via this vein
• The Right Atrium is a chamber that receives blood from the vena cava veins
• The Right Ventricle is a chamber that receives blood from the right atrium and sends it out tot the lungs
• Pulmonary Arteries allow blood from the right ventricle to be pumped out through these arteries to the lungs (to be oxygenated). Deoxygenated
• Pulmonary Veins allow blood coming from the lungs to bring it back to the heart (now oxygenated) into the left atrium
• Left Atrium receives blood from the lungs that has been oxygenated
• Left Ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and sends it out to the rest of the body
• Atrioventricular Vlacues include Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valves
• Tricuspid Valve prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricle back into the atrium. Deoxygenated
• Semilunar Valve between the ventricles and arteries - right ventricle/ pulmonary artery and left ventricle/ aorta. Oxygenated/ Deoxygenated
• Arteries are thick-walled, elastic, and carry blood away from the heart. Most carry oxygenated blood (expect for pulmonary artery) Largest artery is aorta
• Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart from the body. Has less smooth muscles and connective tissue and stretch more easily than arteries
• Capillaries have walls only one cell thick to allow rapid exchange of materials
• The fluid portion of blood is plasma - consists of water and dissolved gases, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and waste products. Plasma takes up around 55% of blood
• The solid portion of blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that are formed in bone marrow. Red blood cells take up about 44% and white blood cells and platelets take up about 1%
• Plasma is a clear, yellowish fluid composed of 92% water, 7% dissolved proteins, and 1% dissolved ions.
• Plasma transports nutrients, respiratory gases, and wastes