The study of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms
The 4 Organic Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms
Water Properties
Polar (like a Magnet)
Cohesion and Adhesion
Universal solvent/dissolver (remember solutes get dissolved)
High specific heat (absorbs energy)
Lower density as a solid (solid ice floats)
Neutral pH
Hydrogen bonds VERY IMPORTANT
Polar
Water is like a magnet, it has a positive and negative properties
Hydrogen bonds
Weak attraction between positive and negative charges in water molecules
Cohesion and Adhesion
1. Cohesion: H bonding between H2O molecules, water is "sticky"
2. Adhesion: H bonding between H2O and other substances, e.g. capillary action, meniscus, water "climbs up" paper towel, cloth, or straw in a drink
Transpiration
Built on cohesion and adhesion, a form of evaporation, heat, light, wind speeds it up, humidity, no light slows it down
Hydrophilic
Substances have attraction to H2O, e.g. ionic compounds like salt
Hydrophobic
Substances that don't have an attraction to H2O, e.g. covalent compounds like oil and fat
High Specific Heat of Water
Water resists changes in temperature, takes a lot of energy to heat up and a lot of cooling to cool down, moderates temperatures on Earth
Solid Ice
Has lower density than liquid water due to hydrogen bonds forming a crystal structure, allows ice to float, preventing ponds, lakes and oceans from freezing solid
Water has a neutral pH of around 7, pH affects cellular function and shape of molecules
