Glycolysis

•  the process in which one glucose molecule is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvic acid (also called pyruvate)

  glycolysis
• where does glycolysis occur?

  cytoplasm
• • hexokinase adds a phosphate group using ATP to glucose
  • glucose→G6P
  • 1 ATP is used
  • what is G6P?

  glucose 6 phosphate
• • phosphoglucomutase converts G6P to its isomer F6P
  • what is F6P?

  fructose 6 phosphate
• • phosphofructokinase phosphorylates a group to F6P using another ATP to produce FBP
  • by then, 2 ATP are used
  • what is FBP?

  fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
• • aldolase breaks/separates F6P into dihydroxy-acetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
• • triose-phosphate isomerase converts DHAP to G3P
  • DHAP→1 G3P + 1 G3P= 2 G3P
• • G3P dehydrogenase removes hydrogen from G3P
  • NAD+ is converted to NADH
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate to the oxidised glyceraldehyde phosphate to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
• • phosphoglycerate kinase removes phosphorus from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
  • convertion of 2 ADP to ATP which creates two 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA)
• • phosphoglycerate mutase moves phosphorus into center
• • enolase changes orientation of molecule by extracting water molecule from 2 PGA
  • two 2 PGA→2 phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)
• • pyruvate kinase transfers a phosphate group from PEP to ADP, forming ATP pyruvate
  • end product: 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate