Maintenance

• Positive reinforcement -> continued gambling, winning, and near misses are rewarding.
• Negative reinforcement -> escape from reality, temporary relief.
• Partial reinforcement -> fruit machines only pay on some bets, so behaviour persists longer than continuous reinforcement.
• Variable reinforcement -> fruit machine pays every 10th spin on average, e.g. on the 4th, 7th, 14th, etc. Gambling persists after rewards stop.