P6

• The application of the charged parallel plates is a device called a capacitor which produces a potential difference by storing electric charge across its conductive plates.
• A dielectric separated the two plates and can be air or any good insulator.
• Dielectric leakage is a leakage of unnecessary current through the dielectric.
• A path for theses electric currents to be transmitted into the device. This path is called an electric circuit.
• An electric circuit can be either complete or open.
• A complete circuit is an electric circuit in which electricity successfully flows through the whole loop.
• An open circuit is when the flow of electricity is discontinuous at a certain point.
• If the wire used were damaged or loose, it is known as a short circuit.
• The flow of electric charges in a circuit is referred to as the electric current.
• The direction of flow of positive charges from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal is called the conventional current.
• The device used to measure the current of a circuit is called the ammeter.
• A common device used for providing electricity for most of our electric devices is the battery.
• The most common type of battery is the dry cell which provides chemical energy to be transformed into electricity.
• The battery consists of three main parts: the anode, the cathode, and the electrolyte.
• The anode and cathode are what we call the electrodes of the battery.
• The electrodes in a battery are solid conductors in which electric charges enter and leave.
• The cathode is the negative electrode (negative terminal).
• The anode is the positive electrode (positive terminal).
• These hindrance to the flow of charges across the wire is called resistance.
• The amount of resistance of a certain material depends on four main variables: the length, the cross-sectional area, the nature of material and the temperature.
• The longer the length of the wire, the greater is the resistance.
• Charges will experience less resistance in wider wires.
• This property of materials is specified by the material's resistivity.
• The ohm is the unit of electrical resistance and is represented by the omega symbol. It was named after the German physicist, George Ohm.
• As the temperature increases, the rate of motion of the particle increases as well, resulting in an increase in the collision of particles within the wire.
• There are materials like silicon which experience a decrease in the resistance as the temperature increases.
• In 1827, George Ohm formulated the equation which described the relation between the voltage, the current, and the resistance.
• A device which increases the resistance along the cicuit is needed. This device is called the resistor.
• Kirchhoff's law is applicable to describing the total potential difference and the total electric current in a circuit.
• This was further explored by the German physicist, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, and in 1845, he developed Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL).
• Kirchhoff's current law states that the amount of current flowing into a node is equal to the amount of current flowing out of that node.
• The node or the junction is the point on which two or more wires are connected.
• Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the total amount of voltage in a closed loop is equal to zero.
• A series circuit ia a type of circuit where all of the electric loads are connected on both ends of the battery creating a single path where the current flow.
• A parallel circuit is another type of circuit where the loads are connected to different branches creating multiple paths to where the current flow.
• A combination circuit is just simply a combination of a series and a parallel circuit.
• This rate is referred to as electric power and it can be described as the rate at which electric energy is used or supplied.
• An RC is a resistor and a capacitor bconnected in a circuit with a voltage.
• Kirchhoff's law of conservation of energy implies that as the charges flow into each electrical device connected to a wire on a closed loop, the total sum of the voltages in equal to zero.