Cites

• CITES


  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
• CITES was signed Internationally

  3 March 1973
• CITES entered into force

  1 July 1975
• CITES has been in operation for more than 40 years
• CITES


  • Trade crosses borders between countries and so the effort to regulate it requires international cooperation to safeguard certain species from over-exploitation
  • CITES was conceived in the spirit of such cooperation
• CITES


  An international convention that combines wildlife and trade themes with a legally binding instrument for achieving conservation and sustainable use objectives
• CITES' aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival
• CITES regulates trade through

  • Regulated trade (effective and consistent)
  • Science-based decisions
  • Co-operation at multiple levels - both producer and consumer countries have responsibility for conserving and managing resources
  • Conservation results
  • Sustainable use of wildlife
  • Towards a 'green' certification?
• The Convention establishes an international legal framework together with common procedural mechanisms for the strictest control of international commercial trade in species threatened with extinction, and for an effective regulation of international trade in others
• This framework and common procedural mechanism are now used by 181 countries to regulate and monitor international trade in listed species
• Parties


  Member States that adhere voluntarily, although CITES is legally binding on the Parties - it does not take the place of national laws but provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level
• The text of the Convention outlines the basic provisions for

  • Trade procedures and requirements
  • Enforcement measures
  • Trade facilitation
  • Exemptions and special procedures
  • Marking
  • Confiscations
  • Reporting
  • Trade with non-Parties
  • Amendment of the Appendices
• Communication tools


  • Resolutions (guide the interpretation and implementation of the Convention)
  • Decisions (provide specific short-term time-bound instructions)
  • Notifications (announcements - for example of forthcoming meetings, details on Parties' legislation, advice on the interpretation or implementation of the Convention, etc.)
• CITES signed by the Philippines

  18 August 1981
• CITES came into force in the Philippines

  16 November 1981
• Species jurisdiction of the management authorities in the Philippines

  • Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) - all aquatic organisms except turtles and Dugong
  • Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) - all terrestrial & wetland organisms, including turtles and dugong
  • Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) - all terrestrial, wetland and aquatic organisms in the Province of Palawan
• CITES implementation authorities in the Philippines


  • Management Authorities: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB)
  • Scientific Authorities: National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB), UP Los Baños Institute of Biological Sciences, Philippine National Museum, UP Marine Science Institute, UP Visayas, Silliman University
• BFAR CITES Organizational Structure

  • BFAR Director
  • Fisheries Regulatory & Quarantine Division
  • Legal Division
  • Fisheries Management & Regulatory Enforcement Division
  • Fisheries Inspection & Quarantine Service
  • Office of the Special Envoy for Distant-water Fisheries
  • Cooperating Agencies: DTI, DOT, BoC, PNP, AFP, PCG, Airlines, Research Institutes, LGUs, NGOs
• CITES Appendices


  Species are divided into three appendices based on their conservation status and the level of trade regulation required
• CITES Appendices


  • Appendix I: species threatened with extinction, international trade permitted only in exceptional circumstances
  • Appendix II: species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but where international trade must be controlled to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival and be legally sourced
  • Appendix III: at request of individual countries in order to gain assistance from other CITES Parties in controlling the trade
• CITES Permits and Certificates


  CITES regulates the trade in listed species through a system of permits and certificates, which may only be issued if certain conditions are met, such as legal acquisition and that international trade must not be detrimental to their survival in the wild
• Appendix I species


  • Minke whale
  • Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus)
• Not all arowanas are listed in the CITES Appendices
• Arowanas not listed in CITES Appendices

  • Silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)
  • Black arowana (Osteoglossum ferrerai)
  • Spotted bonytongue (Scleropages leichardti)
  • Australian bonytongue (Scleropages jardini)
  • African arowana (Heterotis niloticus)
• Tubiporidae spp. (organ-pipe corals)

  • Appendix II
• Milleporidae spp. (fire corals)


  • Appendix II
• Stylasteridae spp. (lace corals)

  • Appendix II
• Corallium elatius (red coral)

  • Appendix III (China)
• Corallium japonicum (red corals)

  • Appendix III (China)
• Corallium konjoi (red corals)

  • Appendix III (China)
• Corralium secundum (red corals)

  • Appendix III (China)
• All sea horse species have recently been added to Appendix II due to their vulnerability
• Seahorses


  Hippocampus spp. (CITES Appendix II)
• Seahorses


  • Dried seahorses
• Arowanas


  Arapaima gigas (CITES Appendix II)
• Arowanas are native to South America (Brazil, Peru, Guyana)
• Arowanas can grow up to 4 meters (9 ft.) and weigh around 250 kgs.
• Arowanas


  Local name: Pirarucu
• Arowanas


  • Juvenile arapaima
  • Scales of arapaima
• Humphead Wrasse (Mameng)


  Cheilinus undulatus (CITES Appendix II)