Psych

• Rights of Clients and Related Issues (IRMCL)

  1.Involuntary Hospitalization

  2. Release from the Hospital

  3. Mandatory Outpatient Treatment

  4. Conservatorship and Guardianship

  5. Least Restrictive Environment
• Misperception of an actual external stimuli

  Illusion
• False sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli

  Hallucination
• Pathological coining of new words

  Neologism
• Over inclusion of details


  Circumstantiality
• incoherent mixture of words and phrases

  Word Salad
• Shifting of one topic from one subject to another in a completely unrelated way

  Flight of Ideas
• Shifting of a topic from one subject to another in somewhat related way

  Looseness of Association
• Meaningless repetition of word or phrases

  Verbigeration
• Persistence of a response to a previous question

  Perseveration
• Pathological repetition of words of others

  Echolalia
• The sound of the word gives direction to the flow of thought.

  Clang Association
• False belief which is inconsistent with one's knowledge and culture

  Delusion
• An exaggerated belief of identity

  Grandeur
• The client denies the existence of self or part of self

  Nihilistic
• Belief that he or she is the object of environmental attention and being singled out for harassment.


  Presecution
• Worthlessness or hopelessness


  Self-Depreciation
• False belief to body function.

  Somatic
• Disharmony between the stimuli and the emotional reaction

  Inappropriate Affect
• Severe reduction in emotional reaction

  Blunted Affect
• Absence or near absence of emotional reaction

  Flat Affect
• Dulled emotional tone


  Apathy
• The pathological imitation of posture/action of others

  Echopraxia
• Maintaining the desired position for long periods of time without discomfort

  Waxy Flexibility
• Loss of movement

  Akinesia
• Slowness of all voluntary movement including speech

  Bradykinesia
• Loss of coordinated movement

  Ataxia
• Filling in of memory gaps

  Confabulation
• Inability to recall past events.

  Immediate past.

  Distant Past.


  Amnesia; Anterograde; Retrograde
• • Feeling of having been to place which one has not yet visited.
  • Feeling of not having been to a place which one has visited.
  • Gradual deterioration of intellectual functioning ;results in the decreased of capacity to perform ADL


  Deja Vu; Jamais vu ; Dementia
• • Severe anxiety associated with motor restlessness.
  • Inability to recognize and interpret sensory stimuli.
  • Subjective feeling of muscular tension, restlessness and pacing repeated sitting and standing.
  • Presence of two opposing feelings at the same time.
  • Inability or difficulty to speak or recall words


  Agitation; Agnosia; Akathisia; Ambivalence; Aphasia
• • Inability to carry out specific task or activity.
  • Refers to acute change or disturbance in a person's: LOC, cognition, emotion , perception
  • Feeling of sadness
  • Feeling of strangeness towards the environment.
  • Persistent state of sadness
  • A feeling of high degree of confidence, boastfulness and joy with increase motor activity.
  • Sleep disorder characterized by frequent irresistible urge to sleep with episodes of cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle power)

  Apraxia; Delirium; Depression; Derealization; Dysthymia; Elation (euphoria); Narcolepsy;
• • Behavior characterized by avoidance of interpersonal contact and a sense of unreality.
  • Types: _______,______

  Interpersonal Withdrawal

  -Physical Withdrawal; Verbal Withdrawal
• Nursing Intervention for Interpersonal Withdrawal

  •Avoid punishment of client.

  • Decrease isolation.

  • Invite the client to speak.

  • State the amount of time you are willing to stay with the client, whether he or she chooses to speak or not.

  • Change the context of the contact

  • Encourage the client to share responsibility for the continuance of the relationship.
• A selective, defensive operation in which the individual resorts to earlier, childish, or less complex patterns of behavior that once brought the client attention or pleasure.

  Regression
• Nursing Interventions

  • Avoid fostering dependency and childlike attitudes.

  • Be patient and understanding.

  • Confront client directly about his or her plan.

  • Compliment client when he or she does something unusually well or assumes more responsibility.

  • Promote problem solving, reality orientation, and involvement in social activities.

  • Avoid punishment after periods of regression; instead, explore the meaning of the regressive behavior.

  • Remember that regression is a normal occurrence in young children who are hospitalized
• An unconscious process used to obtain relief from anxiety that is produced by a sense of danger; it involves a sense of powerlessness.


  Anger
• Nursing Intervention for Anger

  •Have client acknowledge or name feelings.

  • Explore source of personal fear or perceived threat

  • Encourage verbalization of anxiety.

  • Explore appropriate external expression of feelings.

  • Avoid arguing with client.

  • Acting-out behavior is often an indirect expression of anger; it attracts attention and often represents the feelings the person is experiencing.
• An antagonistic feeling; the client wishes to hurt or humiliate others; the result may be a feeling of inadequacy or self-rejection due to a loss of self-esteem


  Hostility/ Aggressiveness
• Nursing Interventions for Aggressiveness

  • Prevent aggressive contact by early recognition of increased anxiety.

  • Maintain client contact rather than avoid it.

  • Encourage verbalization of feelings associated with a threat of frustration (helplessness, inadequacy, anger).

  • Reduce environmental stimuli.

  • Avoid reinforcement behavior (e.g., joking, laughing, teasing, and competitive games).

  • Use distraction or remove the client from the immediate environment to reestablish self-control