genetic engineering

• Genetic engineering is the transfer of genetic information from one cell to another.
• Genetic information can be transferred within the same species or a different species.
• The stages of genetic engineering are:

  1. Identify the required gene from the source chromosome.
  2. Extract the required gene.
  3. Extract the plasmid from the bacterial cell.
  4. insert the required gene into the bacterial plasmid.
  5. Insert the plasmid into the host bacterial cell.
  6. The bacterial cell reproduces producing the required protein.
• The bacterial cell is now called a genetically modified organism (GM organism).
• Enzymes are used to remove the required gene from the source chromosomes and insert the gene into the plasmid.
• products of genetic engineering are: insulin for diabetes, human growth hormone, vaccines