AC 3.1

• role of police:

  • first responders
  • enforce law
  • hold prisoners for 24 hrs - can be longer if permission is gained from courts (PACE)
• Role of CPS:

  • decide whether cases can & can’t go to court
  • full codes test
• Role of prison service:

  • provide a place for those who have received custodial sentences to be contained away from society
  • provide rehabilitation
  • work with local council, charities, police and co to achieve any goals set
• CPS funding:

  • central government
  • can come from recovering assets from criminals
  • £500 million per year
• CPS philosophy:

  • independence and fairness
  • honesty and openness
  • treating everyone with respect
  • behaving professionally and striving for excellence
  • equality and inclusion
• Aims & objectives of prison:

  • public protection
  • rehabilitation
  • deterrence
  • implement sentence from court
• Funding of prisons:

  • paid from taxation
  • £33,000 to keep someone in prison
• philosophy of prison

  • Preventing victims by changing lives of offenders 
  • Same philosophy for probation 
  • Just desserts theory-retribution 
  • The punishment should fit the crime 
  • People are getting what they deserve 
  • Skinner- Token economy- operant conditioning 
  • Behaviour modification 
  • Aim to modify behaviour 
  • Reward people for good behaviour 
  • Earn tokens- can get rewards 
• Aims & Objectives of probation:

  • Supervise 
  • Supervise high risk offenders 
  • Have a probation officer who helps work with them 
  • Support 
  • Support victims of serious sexual & violent crimes 
  • Protect 
  • Protect the public through the rehabilitation of offenders 
  • Offenders who have been rehabilitated may be able to integrate back into society 
  • Tackle 
  • Tackle the causes of offending & enable offenders to turn their lives around. 
  • Can individualise the programmes – have a probation officer who can work with them through issues. 
• Philosophy of probation:

  • Offenders can change for the better and become responsible members of the community 
  • Belief in the worth & dignity of the individual 
  • Commitment to social justice, social inclusion, equality and diversity 
  • Links to rehabilitation & reparation 
  • Left realism – marginalisation 
• aims & objectives of the judiciary:

  • interpret & apply law
  • Manage the trial
  • Explain legal issues to jury
  • sum up evidence
  • rulings on appeals
  • set/follow precedents
• Judiciary funding:

  • Judges pay is decided by an independent panel "Senior Salaries Review Body" 
  • If case is high profile e.g. may has a celebrity involved, the judge may be paid more 
  • District judges earn around £110,000 & Lord Chief Justice earns £257,000 
  • Funded from government (taxation) 
• Aims & Objectives of NACRO:

  • To inform and influence public debate on prison conditions and treatment of prisoners. 
  • Reducing unnecessary imprisonment and prompting community solutions to crime. 
  • Improving treatment and conditions for prisoners and their families. 
  • Promoting equality and human rights in the justice system 
• NACRO funding:

  • funded through trusts & foundations that work with them
• NACRO Philosophy:

  •  Reduce the use of prison. 
  • Improve conditions for prisoners 
  • Promote equality and human rights in the criminal justice system
• Probation - reach:

  • used to have 35 trusts - decreased to 12
  • 1 trust per county
• Prison - reach:

  • 123 prisons in England and Wales 
  • 109 are public- ran by prison and probation service 
  • 14 are private prisons- ran by private companies 
• Police - reach:

  • 43 regional forces in Eng & Wales 
  • Responsible for dealing with all types of offenders & criminality 
  • Different roles specialise in certain areas 
  • Specialist will be called upon when required