education

• Cultural capital


  The middle class are more educated and can help their children succeed in education through helping them at home. They may be more skilled at researching better quality schools. Different values towards education.
• Social capital


  The middle class have more links to people, such as knowing of people who attend better schools, such as parents or in touch with the professionals.
• Economic capital


  The money/possessions a person owns. In the middle class, parents' wealth allows them to have extra-curricular activities, such as tutoring, paying for private schooling, putting them ahead.
• Material deprivation impact on working class achievement in schools

  • Poorer housing and smaller spacing compared to middle class
  • Inadequate space to study due to shared rooms and limited desk space
  • Limited access to nutritious food leading to illness and missed school time
  • Cannot afford extra educational resources like computers and books for extra studying at home
• Outline three ways in which cultural deprivation may impact working class achievement in schools (6)

  the w/c place less values on education, which will go onto the children.

  the working class have no time to go to parents evenings etc. in the working class they will speak a restricted code.

  the education system Is in an elaborative code putting them at a set back.  anti-school subcultures are popular amongst the working class. in which little values are placed on school life and achievement. they would rather go out and earn money rather than achieve in school 
• outline three ways the ethnocentric curriculum may operate in education (6)

  • the national curriculum has a specifically British curriculum, not teaching other cultures. Troyna and Williams only teaching European languages and not branching out eg, asian languages. they denounce minority groups, labelling them as disruptive
• outline three external factors that may negatively impact the educational achievement of specific ethnic groups in school (6) 

  linguistic skills,  broken English and poor grammar will set them back. it creates a barrier for them to express themselves. some black children are socialised into a fatalistic attitudes that doesn't value education, they would prefer immediate gratification, leading to a lack of motivation to succeed. lack of necessities that will be used in study. 15% of minority households live in over crowded conditions. 
• outline three internal factors that may negatively impact the educational achievement of specific ethnic groups in school (6)

  teachers labelled black pupils as aggressive and worse behaved and had more conflict with pupils, so they are then unable to achieve. - GILBORN. found that black pupils are more likely to join rebellious subcultures, which are anti-school, they will conform to peer pressure and as a result not perform well in school- Sewell. the education system favours white culture, ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage due to it not being their own culture 
• outline three reasons why girls often achieve more highly than boys in education (6) 


  there is more female teachers in schools in which girls will look up too, which encourages them and makes them more motivated. coursework, girls are more organised so are better than boys, creating that gap. teacher labelling, girls are more likely to be deemed the ideal pupil, as they are more passive, so teachers will pay more attention to them. 
• outline three ways in which the correspondence principle operates within the school (6)

  heirachies in the school and the work place, head teachers in school, managers at work, they both follow orders from those above of them. they control orders of the day. motivation by external rewards, students motivated by grades and workers with the wage. fragmentation of subjects,knowledge is school is taught in lessonsand subjects, so knowledge is split up, in the work place workers specialise in certain skills/tasks in the work place. 
• outline three ways in which pupils may respond to labelling and streaming (6)

  self fulfilling prophecy, once pupils are labelled they will then act upon that label to fit into it. anti school subcultures, which focuses on the way on which pupils will look to achieve status in a different way as they have been put into a lower set. rejecting the label, some pupils will reject the negative label and it will push them to succeed further.