Chapter 7

• Continuous schedule of Reinforcement: every time one does the task, they get the reward
• Intermitted schedule of Reinforcement: sometimes one does the task, they get a treat
• Fixed Ratio Schedule: reinforcement is contingent on the number of responses. (for every three times, you get a reward)
• Rich schedule has a low response requirement
• Lean Schedule has a high response requirement
• Stretching the Ratio: slowly making more requirements for there to be a reward
• Ratio strain: breakdown in behavior due to changing the requirements too fast or too slow
• Variable ratio: Unknown (or random) reward pattern causes gambling
• Fixed interval schedule: Set time from first response to be given a reward
• variable Interval: unknown or random time from the first response to the reward
• Differential Reinforcement of high rates (DRH) : reinforcement is provided for responding at a high rate
• Differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) : reinforcement is provided for responding at a slow rate
• Differential reinforcement of paced responding (DRP) : a steady rate of response is reinforced
• Fixed duration: behavior must be preformed continuously for a fixed amount of time.
• Variable duration: behavior must be preformed for a unknown amount of time
• Fixed time schedule: reinforcer is delivered after a fixed predictable period of time
• Variable time schedule: reinforcer is delivered after a unknown period of time, regardless of behavior
• Goal gradient effect: increase in strength or efficiency as the goal draws near
• Chained schedules: two or more simple schedules each has to be completed to receive the rewards
• Backward chaining: establishing the final link first for training purposes
• Drive Reduction theory: event that becomes reinforced due to the reduction of a physiological drive
• Incentive motivation: derived from the property of reinforcer vs internal drive state
• Premack Principle: high frequency behavior can be used to reinforce low probability behaviour
• Response deprivation Hypothesis: behavior can be a reinforcer when access to the behaviour is restricted
• Behavioral Bliss point approach: organisms with free access to different activities will change behaviour in order to maximize reinforcement
• Duration schedule: The action must be continuously performed over a fixed period of time