Chapter 8

• Extinction: stoping of reinforcement, resulting in decreasing strength response
• Extinction is not benign and has side effects: Depression, Frustration, increase in differing behaviour, extinction burst, and resurgence
• Partial reinforcement effect: behavior maintained on a partial reinforcement schedule will extinguish more slowly than behavior maintained on a continuous schedule
• History of Reinforcement: more reinforcers given, greater the resistance to extinction
• Magnitude of the reinforcers: Large reinforcers often result in greater resistance to extinction
• Degree of Deprivation: the greater the level of deprivation for the reinforcer, the greater the resistance to extinction
• Previous experience with extinction: the greater the number of previous exposure to extinction, the quicker extinction will occur
• Distinctive signal for extinction: extinction occurs more quickly when there is a distinctive stimulus that signals the onset of extinction
• Differential reinforcement of other behavior: reinforcing other behavior that is not the targeted behaviour that being extinguished
• Peak shift effect: getting as far away from the undesired stimulus
• Stimulus generalization: tendency for operant response to be emitted in the presents of a similar stimulus
• generalization gradient: tendency to respond to similar stimulus
• Multiple Schedule: two or more independent schedules presented in sequences each resulting in different responses
• Behavioral Contrast: occurs when change in rate of reinforcement on one component of multiple schedule produces opposite change in the rate of response on another component
• Negative contrast effect: Increasing the rate of reinforcement in one schedule causes decreasing the rate of response on the other schedule. (giving more cookies at the beginning of the day, will lead to a kid wanted less cookies at the end)
• Positive Contrast effect: Decrease in rate of reinforcement on one schedule results in an increase in rate of response on the other schedule (giving less cookies at the beginning of the day, will lead to a kid wanted more cookies at the end)
• Errorless Discrimination Training: slowly taking away their scaffolding in order to learn
• How to develop a healthy habit: Establish a strong cue for the behavior (a time and a place), and repeatedly practice that behavior on said cue
• Anticipatory Contrast: wanting to get the most out of the stimulus before it goes away (kids going the hardest before they have to stop)