Dental Materials (LEC)

• A branch of dental science which deals with the study of the basic chemical and physical properties of dental materials; internal structure of the material

  Dental Materials
• goal of dentistry


  Improve the quality of life of the patient
• Improve the quality of live of a patient through

  1. Prevent disease
  2. relieve pain
  3. improve mastication effiency
  4. enhance speech
  5. improve appearance
• Primary goal of dentistry

  Replace disease or lost tooth structure with materials that restore function and appearance
• Dentistry as a specialty is believed to have began during 3000B.C
• Inscriptions on tombstone in Egypt indicate that there were tooth doctors considered as medical specialists.
• Phoenicians(after 2500B.C); Etruscans(after 800B.C) used gold bands and wires in constructing partial dentures.
• Etruscans(700B.C) earliest documented evidence of tooth implant material.
• Mayans(600A.D) used implant using seashells
• MODERN DENTISTRY began in 1728 when PIERRE FAUCHARD (1678-1761) the FATHER OF MODERN DENTISTRY published a treatise describing many types of restoration, including how they are processed made from ivory.
• PTAFF(1756)- impression taking with wax, pouring of plaster of paris to make model or cast.
• DE CHAMANT(1792)- construction of porcelain teeth.
• G.V BLACK(1895)- use of amalgam.
• Discovery of FLUORIDE(1915)- helped lower down the

  incidence of dental caries in Colorado
• POLYMERIZED RESIN(1935)
• Established the specific and correct CONCENTRATION

  OF FLUORIDE(1944) in drinking water at 1PPM,

  decreases the incidence of dental caries.
• PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT and FLUORIDE

  REALAESING RESTORATIVE MATERIALS were

  introduced later.
• Restorative materials used tody

  1. Metals
  2. ceramics
  3. polymers
  4. composite
• Permanent/Ideal or the Holy Grail material in restorative dentistry must have the following characteristics:

  1. material that bond permanently to all tooth structures
  2. esthetically matches tooth structure
  3. exhibit properties similar to those of tooth enamel and dentin
  4. initiates tissue repair
• two universal diseases that causes tooth loss

  Dental Caries and Periodontal diseases
• 3 levels of prevention materials:

  1. PRIMARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (PREPATHOSIS)
  2. SECONDARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (PREVENTION)
  3. TERTIARY (REPLACEMENT)
• prevention of disease initiation.


  PRIMARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (PREPATHOSIS)
• prevention of disease progression and recurrence.

  SECONDARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (PREVENTION)
• prevention of loss of function.


  TERTIARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (REPLACEMENT)
• Primary level of prevention (Prepathosis)

  DENTAL SERVICES:

  Dental education

  Toothbrush instruction

  Fluoridization

  Sealing of Pits and Fissures

  Space maintenance

  Use of mouth protector
• SECONDARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (PREVENTION)

  DENTAL SERVICES:

  • Amalgam
  • Composite
  • Gold
  • Other direct restorative materials
  • Inlay
  • Onlay
  • Veneer
  • Crown
  • Dental base cements and liner for temporary
• TERTIARY LEVEL OF PREVENTION (REPLACEMENT)

  DENTAL SERVICES:

  • Maryland bridge
  • Crown and Bridge
  • Removable partial denture
  • Complete denture
  • Dental implant
• it is a characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the identity of the substance is changed. These are the things that distinguish the difference between matters.


  Property
• PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS:

  1. Physical properties
  2. Mechanical properties
  3. Electrical properties
• Physical properties:

  1. Dimentional change
  2. thermal conductivity
  3. solubility and sorption
  4. bonding materials
  5. rheology
  6. color
• • the percentage of shrinkage or expansion of a material.
  • it may be a result of either chemical reaction or change in temperature of an object.

  Dimentional change
• • change of material dimensions caused by temperature change.
  • cooling shrinkage may be reversible, but expansion stresses may cause flow and irrecoverable dimensional change.

  Thermal Dimensional Change
• • is a measure of how much a material expands per unit length if heated 1 degree higher.
  • describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.

  Linear coefficient of thermal expansion
• penetration and forcing out of oral fluids between a dental restoration and the tooth as a result of difference in thermal coefficients of expansion and contraction.

  Percolation
• • a thermophysical measure of how well heat is transferred through a material by the conductive flow.
  • the rate of which heat passes through a specified material.

  a measure of the ability of a material to allow flow of heat from its warmer surface through the material to its colder surface.

  • ENERGY is transferred by direct contact

  Thermal conductivity
• material with high thermal and electrical conductivity, like METALS

  Conductors
• material that allows some electricity or heat to move through it and is used especially in electronic devices.

  semi conductors
• -materials with low thermal and electrical conductivity, like enamel, dentin, dental cements etc.

  -a material that does not easily allow heat, electricity, light, or sound to pass through it.

  -used to keep heat or sound contained, does not conduct electricity.

  Insulator
• the property of a solid material capable of being dissolved.

  Solubility
• the property of a solid material to take up liquid inside its structure.

  Sorption