L10-12 quiz

• to identify male touch DNA on the skin of a woman use

  Y chromosome STR analysis
• to identify a decaying corpse use

  mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis
• to estimate ethnic origin use

  autosomal SNP analysis
• to predict hair colour use

  MC1R variant analysis
• to identify rape suspect use

  multiplex autosomal STR analysis
• in these animals additional genes are introduced into the genome

  transgenic
• in these animals a wild type gene is replaced with a mutated copy of the gene resulting in a loss of function in the resulting protein

  knockout
• DNA in these animals is an exact genetic copy of that of the donor animal

  cloned
• how many oligonucleotide primers would you put in a multiplex PCR reaction to amplify repeat sequences at 5 different STR loci

  10
• knockout mice selection done based on insertion of neomycin resistance gene and a thymidine kinase gene:

  • addition of ganciclovir will kill all cells expressing thymidine kinase
  • addition of neomycin will kill all cells which recombination has not occurred
  • addition of ganciclovir will kill cells which non-homologous recombination has occurred
• VNTR use in generating DNA fingerprints relies on the variability in the

  number of repeats
• Alec Jeffreys called the repetitive DNA identified which is now referred to as Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)

  minisatellite DNA
• transgenic mice are more easily generated than knockout mice because:

  • insertion of a transgene requires non-homologous recombination
  • non-homologous recombination events are much more frequent than homologous recombination events
• second generation adeno-associated gene therapy is different to early gene therapy vectors as:

  • they are able to infect cells regardless of cell cycle phase
• image shows:

  • fluorescence in situ hybridisation
  • can be used to detect aneuploidies (change in chromosome number as well as large changes in structure)

  
• testing for inherited disease can be done using:

  • PCR
  • hybridisation
  • agarose gel electrophoresis
• in vitro mutagenesis is used in

  protein engineering