individuals learn through association, pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus leading to an unconditioned response
AO3
can be considered reductionist as it ignores other factors for learning such as motivation
AO1
high order condition is pairing a conditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus which leads to a conditioned response
AO3
supporting study (Pavlov) - when a vanilla odour was paired with a metronome, the dogs later started salivating when they smelt the vanilla odour
AO1
generalisation is extended the original association to include similar stimuli
AO3
supporting study (LittleAlbert) - gained a fear of things that resembled a white rat eg cotton wool
AO1
CC causes phobia through association eg if you only watch horror movies in the dark, you associate horror with the dark and then become scared of the dark on its own
AO3
supporting study (LittleAlbert) - became scared of the white rat because he associated it with the loud noise of the metal rod being struck