impact of activity on fitness

• Anticipatory rise


  an increase in heart rate prior to exercise, due to the release of adrenaline
• Ejection fraction


  % of blood leaving heart per beat
• Bradycardia


  Lower resting HR due to long term exercise
• cardiac hypertrophy


  Increase in size of heart
• How to calculate maximum heart rate

  220-age
• Heart rate


  beats per minute
• Venous return


  Blood returning to heart via vena cava
• Cardiac output


  Volume of blood ejected from heart per minute

  HR X SV
• Stroke volume


  The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
• describe starlings law


  During exercise stroke volume is increased due to

  - increased venous return

  - cardiac muscle stretched

  - greater diastolic filling

  - increased force of contraction

  - ejection fraction increases
• Regular aerobic training leads to

  - cardiac HYPERTROPHY

  - increased STROKE VOLUME as its stronger resulting in BRADYCARDIA

  - a trained athlete will have GREATER MAX CARDIAC OUTPUT so can get more blood to muscles during exercise increasing oxygen delivery

  - lower resting HR leading to GREATER HEART RATE RANGE

  - increased diastolic filling phase INCREASING EJECTION FRACTION