chemistry[1]

• three observations made when excess copper carbonate is added to sulphuric acid is a green solid, blue solution, and a colourless solution
• excess copper carbonate can be removed by filtration
• increased intermolecular forces means melting points also increases
• increased size in molecules means and increased intermolecular force
• the forced between chains in polymers are called intermolecular forces
• sodium metals can conduct electricity because they have delocalised electrons
• the molecules in group 7 increase in size as you go down
• the bonds between polymer atoms are called covalent bonds
• polymers have weak intermolecular forces
• a strong acid means it fully ionises in an aqueous solution 0
• fullerenes are useful in nanotechnology because they can conduct heat
• the method needed to extract metals is through electrolysis and when the metal is molten
• magnesium will fizz at a greater rate when reacting with a stronger acid
• sodium chloride can conduct when molten because their ions are free to move
• the layers in graphite have weak forces of attraction, which can slide over each other, thats why graphite can rub off onto paper
• having high boiling points means that the bonds are strong
• metals can bend because layers can slide
• an alloy is hard because the atoms are different sizes, so the layers cannot slide
• having weak intermolecular forces of attraction means low melting points
• the same reaction can produce different products because of different temperature and different catalysts
• graphite has strong covalent bonds
• diamond is made from carbon bonds
• a diamond has the structure of a giant covalent structure
• aluminium is manufactured by electrolysis of a mixture of of cryolite and aluminium oxide
• hydrogen is made of simple molecules so they have a low boiling point
• a simple molecule substance cannot carry electrical charge
• group 1 metals are soft, have a high level of reactivity, a low density, low melting point and they are colourless
• a metals structure is a giant lattice of atoms with delocalised electrons
• transition metals can form coloured compounds, and have a high melting point
• transition metals have a low reactivity, they are strong and hard and can be used as catalysts
• magnesium oxide is made up of ions
• carbon dioxide is made of atoms
• carbon and silicon dioxide are from two non metals
• covalent bonding is between two non metals
• magnesium is from a non metal and metal so the bonds are ionic
• polythene and water both have intermolecular forces between particles
• when comparing reactions of different metals with hydrochloric acid, add each metal to the acid and measure temperature change. For copper there should be no temperature change, For magnesium and iron, magnesium should increase more in temperature compared to iron.
• the relative atomic mass is multiplying the mass numbers of both isoptopes by their abundance and adding both of these together, then dividing by one hundred
• the law of conservation of mass means the mass of products equals the mass of reactants because no atoms were lost or gained during the reaction.
• reactions with a higher atom economy are used in industry because it produces a higher percentage of useful product