WHITECHAPEL

• Housing – census records, workhouse records, rent payment records, inspection reports, Charles Booths maps
• Policing – police records, arrest records/ warrants, police station census, court records, beat diary, “Police Code” (rules and regulations), Instructions for Police Candidates, witness statements, coroner’s reports, photographs
• Public opinion – newspapers (local or national)
• Housing--> Flower and Dean Street – large rookery
• Housing-->rookery (area of run down housing filled with lodging houses)
• Housing-->  lodging houses – doss houses (pay for 1 night, temporary -> 4d a night).
•     Housing is temporary -> lots of people move on regularly, population is quite transient, people don’t really have ties to the community
• -        Immigration – lots of migration into Whitechapel – docks – sailors, migrants from around the world.
• o    Eastern Europe – Jewish migrants
• jewish migrants--> Communities established already
• jewish migrants-->  After 1881 Russian Jews were persecuted and fled to Europe (30,000 Jewish migrants between 1881-1891)
• jewish migrants-->  Hard to integrate – may have spoken Russian/ other E.European languages, Hebrew, Yiddish; religious holidays (Sabbath).
• jewish migrants-->  Suspicions between them and police (language barrier)
• jewish migrants-->§  Jewish immigrants lived in communities together- worked for Jewish employers -> segregated, more likely to face prejudice
• ireland- irish migrants
• irish migrants--> 1800's
• irish migrants--> lodging houses and docks
• irish migrants-->fenians wanted independence (terrorism)
• Socialism and Anarchism-->  Socialism – Eastern Europe, workers’ rights
• socialism and anarchism--> fear they would spread ides in london, jews set up socialist organisations
• Anarchism – there should be no government/ authority-->     Irish Fenians-->     Russian/ Eastern European revolutionaries
• -        Growth of Metropolitan Police
• Metropolitan Police began with a relatively good reputation
• 1842 the Detective Branch was formed
• o    1866 – the army had to be called in to control a riot in Hyde Park
• o    1867 – police ignored warnings of an Irish Fenian bomb
• o    1877 – “Trial of the Detectives” (corruption amongst detectives)
• o    1885 – Fenian bombs exploded at the Houses of Parliament and Tower of London
• o    1886 – A protest at Trafalgar Square got out of hand
• changes in commissioners happened
• o    First Commissioner – Sir Charles Rowan (1829-1852)
• o    1870 – New Commissioner – Henderson – increase quality of recruits; raise standards of reading and writing (positive) relaxed military drill practice (negative)
• o    1877 – Sir Charles Edward Howard Vincent – Detective Branch  CID (Criminal Investigation Department)
• o    1886 Henderson resigned (1870-1886 as a result of Trafalgar Square protest)
• 1886-1888 – Charles Warren – he was never liked by the Home Secretary, resigns due to police failings in JTR investigations.
• recruits-->Between 21-32; 5ft9 or taller; no more than two children; no other job/ shop; must be able to read and write; preferred to be from the countryside
• -        Benefits for police officers – a steady job, promotions, a pension, sports calls, awards for good service or bravery
• H DIVISION IN WITECHAPEL-->505 policemen (for 176,000 people)
• -        Most common crimes were disorderly behaviour – drunkenness, fighting
• problems police had to deal with-->Alcohol, pubs, gangs (protection rackets, Bessarabian Tigers), prostitution, immigration