respiratory system

• Define tidal volume and change during exercise


  volume of air breathed in or out per breath and increases during exercise
• define minute ventilation


  volume of air breathed in or out per minute

  huge increase during exercise
• Define inspiratory reserve volume and change during exercise


  volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

  decreases during exercise
• Define expiratory reserve volume and change during exercise

  volume of air that can be forcibly expired after normal breath

  slight decrease during exercise
• Define residual volume and change during exercise


  volume of air that remains in the lungs after max expiration

  no change during exercise
• respiratory sytem in order

  1 - nasal cavity ( nose and mouth )

  2 - larynx ( voice box creates sound )

  3 - trachea - made from rings of cartilage

  4- bronchus

  5 - bronchioles

  6 - alveoli

  7 - ribs - protect respiratory organs

  8 intercostal muscles

  9 - diaphragm
• explain mechanics of inspiration

  muscles used at rest -

  diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract

  
  

  additional muscles ( during exercise ) - sternocleidomastoid contracts

  - scalenes contract

  - pectoralis minor contacts

  only involved during exercise to get a faster inspiration

  
  

  Rib cage is lifter up and out inc the volume creating a LOW pressure in lungs so air rushes in
• explain mechanics during expiration

  at rest

  - diaphragm relaxes

  - external intercostals relax ( ribcage lowers )

  
  

  during exercise

  - internal intercostal muscles contract

  - abdominals contract to force diaphragm up quicker

  
  

  Rib cage is lowered decreasing the volume creating a high pressure so air rushes out
• what do scalenes do

  allows ribcage to move up and out quicker
• sternocleidomastoid


  lifts sternum up and out quicker
• pectoralis minor


  helps move ribcage out quicker