Biology

• what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight -> glucose + oxygen
• what is the symbol equation of photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• what does the waxy layer do in plant cells?

  reduces the rate of water loss
• what does the palisade layer in cells do?


  tightly packed layer of cells- most photosynthesis occurs there
• what does the spongy layer do

  loosely packed cells which allow air to pass- carbon dioxide, water vapour,oxygen
• what do the veins do in plants?

  Transport nutrients-located in the spongy layer
• what do the guard cells do in plants?

  Regulate transpiration-and open and close the stomata
• what is the nucleus?

  brain of the cell
• what is cytoplasm?


  jelly like stuff where most chemical reactions happen
• what is the cell membrane?

  thin skin around the cell, holds it together
• what is mitochondria

  tiny structures inside the cell where aeorbic respiration happens
• what is the cell wall?


  A rigid layer outside the cell membrane that supports and protects the cell
• what is the vacuole?

  it’s filled with cell sap- get rid of waste products
• what are chloroplasts?


  contain chlorophyll which is used for photosynthesis
• what does the stem do in a plant?

  gives support, transports water + ions, gives sugars
• what does the root do?

  uptake on water, anchorage ( keeps the stem upright and into the soil), uptake on mineral ions
• what does the leaf do?

  site of photosynthesis, co2 is taken in
• what does the flower do?

  attracts pollinators
• what’s the function of the stomata?


  let air in, plants need air to make food. let water out, plants need to release water.
• what is DNA?


  a chemical that contains all the info needed to make an organism
• what is a gene?


  A section of DNA that contains the infor for a charecteristic
• what is a chromosome?

  a long strand of DNA which contains many genes
• what is continuous variation?


  characteristics that can have any value within a range
• what is discontinuous variation?


  characteristics that can only result in certain values
• what is glucose used for?

  stored as starch

  released as energy

  made into protein or lipids

  concerted into cell walls
• what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
• what are gametes produced by?

  Meiosis
• what is meiosis?


  sexual reproduction
• what is mitosis?


  Cell division process-asexual reproduction
• How many chromosomes are there in a human gamete?

  23
• why does 1 person usually inherit 2 alleles of each gene?

  1 from each parent
• what are alleles?


  Different forms of a gene
• what is a dominant allele?

  one allele which is stronger

  it hides the effects of the other allele which is recessive
• what is a recessive allele?

  For a recessive allele to be shown alleles need to be present
• what is a phenotype?


  what it looks like
• what is a genotype?

  what alleles it has
• recessive alleles are not expressed unless there is no dominant allele present