ICTQ4REVIEWER

• Data


  Various kinds of information formatted in a particular way
• Data Collection


  The process of gathering, measuring, and analyzing accurate data from a variety of relevant sources to find answers to research problems, answer questions, evaluate outcomes, and forecast trends and probabilities
• Primary Data


  First hand data, the data that has been generated by the researcher himself/herself, rather than data gathered after another party initially recorded it
• Secondary Data


  Data that can be gathered through newspapers, books and radio, using existing data generated by large government institutions, healthcare facilities etc. as part of organizational record keeping
• Types of Data Collection

  • Interview
  • Survey
  • Questionnaire Method
  • Form Method
  • Observation Method
  • Experimental Method
  • Test Method
• Interview


  A method that relies on asking questions in order to collect data. Can be direct (researcher personally interviews) or indirect (researcher uses telephone)
• Survey


  Data collection methods that uses questionnaires and/or conduct interviews. Types include online, in-person, focus groups, panel sampling, telephone, post-call, mail-in, mobile, and kiosk
• Types of Questions in Questionnaire

  • Guided - Response Type
  • Recall Type
  • Recognition Type
  • Dichotomous Type
  • Multiple-Choice Type
  • Multiple Response Type
  • Free-Response Type
  • Rating Scale Type
• Form Method


  A digital or physical form that is used to collect information from individuals. Advantage is organized data, disadvantage is difficulty getting information if agency has no record or poor management
• Observation Method


  A way of gathering data by watching behavior, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting
• Experimental Method


  Involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. Advantage is repetition, disadvantage is expensive
• Test Method


  Widely used in psychological research and psychiatry
• Ways of Presenting Data

  • Textual Form
  • Tabular Form
  • Graphical Form
• Textual Form


  The textual presentation of data is used when the data is not large and can be easily comprehended by the reader just when he reads the paragraph
• Tabular Form


  A systematic and logical arrangement of data in the form of rows and columns with respect to the characteristics of data. It is an orderly arrangement which is compact and self-explanatory
• Graphical Form


  A visual representation of data statistics-based results using graphs, plots, and charts
• Local Storage


  The storage of data on a user's device, such as a computer or mobile device, instead of on a remote server. Advantages are limited storage capacity, security risks, lack of accessibility, and data loss
• Syntax for Local Storage

  document.getElementById("idname").value to get user inputted data, localStorage.setItem("keyname", value) to store key/value pairs in the browser
• SAMPLE CODE for Local Storage
• System


  A collection of interconnected components or parts that work together to perform a specific function or task. It is an arrangement in which all its units assemble and work together according to plan or program
• Embedded System


  The integration of a computing system within a larger mechanical or electrical system, rather than being a standalone entity. A specialized computing system designed to perform specific functions within a larger system
• Components of a System

  • Hardware
  • Software
• Hardware


  The physical components responsible for executing the tasks and functions
• Software


  The collection of programs, data, and instructions that are designed to perform specific tasks. Includes system software and application software
• System Software


  Responsible for managing and controlling the computer hardware and providing a platform for running application software
• Application Software


  Programs designed to perform specific tasks or provide specific functionality for end-users
• Program


  A specific set of instructions or code written in a programming language that tells a computer how to perform a particular task or function
• Microprocessor


  A central processing unit (CPU) that focuses on executing instructions and performing computations. Used for controlling and monitoring hardware devices, while excelling in applications demanding high processing power and advanced computing capabilities
• Applications of Embedded Systems

  • Automobiles
  • Telecommunications
  • Industrial Automation
  • Medical
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Military and Aerospace
  • Home Appliances
  • Robotics
• Application software


  Software designed to perform specific tasks or provide specific functionality for end-users
• Software forms the backbone of modern computer systems
• Microprocessor


  A central processing unit (CPU) that focuses on executing instructions and performing computations
• Microprocessors


  • Used for controlling and monitoring hardware devices
  • Excel in applications that demand high processing power and advanced computing capabilities
• Applications of Embedded Systems

  • Automobiles: Powering systems such as cruise control, airbag control, and navigation
  • Telecommunications: Enabling functionalities in telephone switches, mobile phones, and broadband networks
  • Industrial Automation: Facilitating monitoring and control functions in industrial machines
  • Medical Equipment: Supporting devices like scanners, EEG, and pacemakers for healthcare applications
  • Banking Industry: Powering automatic teller machines (ATMs), currency counters, and card swipe machines for seamless transactions
• Types of Embedded Systems

  • Mobile Embedded Systems: Portable systems like smartphones, smartwatches, and automotive systems
  • Networked Embedded Systems: Interconnected systems communicating through networks
  • Standalone Embedded Systems: Independent systems performing specialized tasks without reliance on a host
  • Real-Time Embedded Systems: Meeting time-critical requirements, crucial in medical, industrial, and military domains
• Microcontroller


  A small computer on a single integrated circuit containing four major parts of every computer system
• Early microcontrollers


  • Intel 8048
  • Intel 8051
  • Zilog Z8
  • Motorola 68HC05
  • Microchip PIC/PICAXE
  • Amtel AVR/ AT mega
  • Parallax BASIC Stamp
• Arduino


  An open-source electronics platform renowned for its user-friendly hardware and software
• Arduino components


  • Arduino Board: Hardware platform based on microcontrollers, typically from the Atmel AVR family
  • Arduino IDE: A software development environment that allows users to write, compile, and upload code to Arduino boards

  
• Arduino platform


  • Open-Source Nature
  • Beginner-Friendly
  • Versatility
  • Large Community and Support