RESEARCH

• Academic Writing


  Refers primarily to nonfiction writing that is produced as part of academic work in accordance with the standards of a particular academic subject or discipline
• Academic Writing


  • A formal style of writing used in universities and scholarly publications
  • Communicates ideas, information and research to the wider academic community
  • Takes the form of a formal paper that follows specific standards such as the use of a formal language, referencing where sources are given credit and specific grammatical patterns, organization and argument
• Purpose of Academic Writing

  • Conveying Information
  • Critical Thinking and Analysis
  • Building Credibility & Authority
  • Bridging Gaps & Promoting Dialogue
  • Presenting Research Findings
  • Stimulating Further Research
  • Academic Integrity & Ethical Considerations
  • Structuring & Organizing Ideas
• Kinds of Academic Writing

  • Book Review
  • Literature Review
  • Research Report
  • Project Proposal
  • Position Paper
• Book Review


  • Describes and evaluates a work of fiction or nonfiction and offers the book's overall purpose, structure, and style of narration to the unknown readers
  • Tells not only what a book is about, but also how successful it is at what it is trying to do
  • It is a sneak peak at a book, not a summary
• Writing a Book Review

  1. Describing the content of the pages

  2. Analysing how the book achieved its purpose

  3. Expressing your most personal comments, reactions and suggestions
• Project Proposal


  • A document that is written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling
  • Generally, proposals are used to convince the reader to do what the proposal suggests, such as buying goods or services, funding a project, or implementing a program
• Project Proposal


  • It stands out depending on its ability to clearly answer questions about what is being proposed, how the plan will be carried out, when it will be implemented, and how much money will be needed or spent
• Project Proposal


  • Highlight reader benefits
  • Prove your credibility in carrying out the project
  • Allow the reader to respond easily
• Guidelines in Writing the Project Proposal

  1. Gathering the Data

  2. Organizing the Data

  3. Writing the Proposal

  4. Revising the Proposal
• Gathering the Data


  One of the characteristics of an effective proposal is being well-researched. It needs concrete data to back up its claims so it can become more credible. You can gather data from primary and secondary sources and apply the strategies that you learned in writing a research paper
• Organizing the Data


  A proposal becomes more effective if the information on it is clearly organized. You can use the parts of the proposal to guide you in your organization or use an outline to structure your discussion more effectively.
• Writing the Proposal


  Fill out the parts of the proposal with the relevant data.
• Revising the Proposal


  Make sure to review your proposal for accuracy and organization before you send it out. A good proposal will be comprehensive and will put your organization in the best light.
• Position Paper


  • Is a composition that highlights an opinion of an author or specified entity about an issue
  • As a debate, it presents one-side of an arguable opinion and persuades the readers or the audience that the author has a well-founded knowledge about the issue
• Writing a Position Paper


  Your goal is not only to state and defend your position on the issue but also to show how your stance relates to other position.
• Components of a Position Paper

  • The Introduction – identifies the issue that will be discussed and states the author's position on that issue
  • The Body – contains the central argument and can be further broken up into sections
  • The Conclusion – restating the key points and when applicable, suggest resolution to the issue