Cell-free liquid with clotting factors in solution (must use an anticoagulant)
Components of blood
Serum
Plasma
Components of blood
Cells of the Immune system: Formed Elements in Blood
Many cells of the immune system derived from the bone marrow
Hematopoetic stem cell differentiation
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells; WBCs)
Function: Protection from microbes, parasites, toxins, cancer
Number: 1% of blood volume; 4000-11,000 \mm3of blood
Characters: Amoeboid motion - movement through the body, Chemotaxis - moving in direction of a chemical, Leukocytosis - increased "white blood cell count" in response to bacterial/viral infection
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Most numerous WBC: 60-70%
Sand like, sky blue granules
Polymorphonuclear - many-lobed nuclei (2-5 lobes)
Defensins - antibiotic-like proteins (granules)
Causes lysis of infecting bacteria/fungi
Increase in infection
Basophils
Rarest of all leukocytes (0.5-1%)
Deep purple U or S shaped nucleus
Basophilic (blue) granules
Both release Histamine with "IgE" signal
Antihistamine - blocks the action of Histamine in response to infection
Eosinophils
Only 2-4% of all leukocytes
Two-lobed, purplish nucleus
Phagocytose antigens
Inactivate chemicals released during allergies
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
30% of all WBC
T lymphocytes - (thymus) respond against virus infected cells and tumor cells
B lymphocytes - (bone) differentiate into different "plasma cells" which each
Monocytes
Largest of all leukocytes (18 microns)
Dark purple, kidney shaped nucleus
Opsonization
Coating micro-organisms with plasma proteins – Aids phagocytosis
Ventilation refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs during breathing.
