genbio

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
• Nucleus


  • Nuclear envelope
  • Nucleolus
  • Chromatin
• Cytoskeleton


  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microfilaments
• Bacterium


  • Bacterial chromosome
  • Nucleoid
  • Ribosomes
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Capsule
  • Flagella
• Plant cell


  • Cell wall
  • Plasmodesmata
  • Chloroplast
  • Central vacuole
• Nucleus


  Contains most of the cell's genes, separated from cytoplasm by nuclear envelope
• Nucleolus


  Prominent structure in nucleus, site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome synthesis
• Nuclear envelope


  Double membrane, each consisting of a lipid bilayer
• Nuclear pores


  Regulate entry and exit of molecules from nucleus
• Nuclear lamina


  Protein structure that maintains shape of nucleus
• Chromatin


  DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes
• Ribosomes


  Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein, used to make proteins
• Free ribosomes


  Suspended in cytoplasm, make proteins for use in cytoplasm
• Bound ribosomes


  Attached to endoplasmic reticulum, make proteins packed in organelles or exported from cell
• location of DNA in cells

  • mostly nucleus
  • mitochondria some
  • chloroplasts or
• endoplasmic reticulum - membrane system with two types: rough ER and smooth ER
• centrioles - microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC) involved in mitosis
• nucleolus - site of rRNA synthesis
• rough ER has ribosomes on surface; involved in synthesis of lipids and proteins
• Vacuole - stores water, waste products, pigments, and other substances
• smooth ER lacks ribosomes; involved in detoxification reactions, metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and steroids
• smooth ER is not studded with ribosomes; involved in detoxification reactions, metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and steroids
• Golgi apparatus - modifies and packages proteins into vesicles that are transported throughout the cell
• Golgi apparatus - modifies, packages, sorts, and transports proteins and lipids within the cell
• Lysosome - contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials within the cell