A3 Cardiovascular and respiraroty system

• DNA nucleotide structure

  
• Describe the function of the nucleolus

  Produces ribosomes and RNA
• Describe the function of the cell wall

  Provides rigidity and protection to the cell
• Describe the function of the chloroplasts

  Site of photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll
• Describe the function of the vacuole

  Stores water and chemicals for cell use. Also maintains turgor of cell
• Describe the adaptations of red blood cells

  No nucleus (mammals only)

  Biconcave shape

  Haemoglobin

  Flexible
• Explain why red blood cells don't contain a nucleus

  Allows for more oxygen to be carried in the cell
• Explain why red blood cells have a biconcave shape

  Increased surface area for gas exchange
• Explain why red blood cells contain haemoglobin

  To bind with the oxygen in order for it to be carried around the body
• Explain why red blood cells are flexible

  To fit through the tiny blood vessels such as capillaries
• Describe the adaptations of white blood cells

  Multi-lobed nucleus

  Enzymes found within the lysosomes
• Explain why white blood cells have a multi-lobed nucleus

  To enable the cell to squeeze through tiny gaps when travelling to the site of infection
• Explain why the lysosomes found within the cytoplasm of white blood cells contain enzymes

  To digest engulfed pathogens
• Name the 3 different types of epithelial tissue

  Squamous epithelial tissue

  Columnar epithelial tissue

  Endothelium tissue
• Describe squamous epithelial tissue

  A lining tissue that is only one cell thick. Made from squamous cells that form a smooth, flat layer.
• Where can squamous epithelial tissue be found?

  As it is a lining tissue it can be found inside alveoli
• How can squamous epithelial tissue be damaged by smoking?

  Inflammation and scarring of tissue

  Tissue gets thicker and produces more mucus

  Diffusion pathway is increased
• What does COPD stand for?

  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder