ortho, pedia, perio

• Orthodontics


  Study of dealing with prevention and correction of abnormally positioned or misaligned teeth
• Orthodontist


  Dentist specializing with concerned in causes and treatment of malocclusion
• Centric relation


  Most retruded position of the mandibular condyle into glenoid fossa (biting back teeth), also known as an "TERMINAL HINGE POSITION"
• Types of orthodontic treatment

  • Preventive orthodontics
  • Interceptive orthodontics
  • Corrective orthodontics
• Preventive orthodontics


  Action taken to preserve the integrity of a normally developing occlusion by protecting current conditions or preventing situations that interfere with growth
• Interceptive orthodontics


  Procedures taken to lessen the severity of any existing malfunctions or problems from genetics or environmental factors
• Corrective orthodontics

  Procedure taken to reduce or eliminate malocclusion
• Types of malocclusion


  • Open bite
  • Overbite
  • Cross bite
• Classification of malocclusion (by Dr. Edward Angle)

  • Neutrocclusion / Class I
  • Distocclusion / Class II
  • Mesiocclusion / Class III
• Neutrocclusion / Class I


  Condition where mesiodistal position are normal but other malocclusion or positioning of individual teeth occurs
• Distocclusion / Class II


  Condition where the mesio-buccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar is anterior to the buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar resulting in appearance of retruded mandible
• Division of Class II classification

  • Division 1 - maxillary incisor producing with a V-shaped arch instead of U-shaped
  • Division 2 - maxillary incisors have a lingual incline, with excessive overbite and wider than normal arch
• Mesiocclusion / Class III


  Condition where the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary 1st molar occludes in the interdental space of the mandibular permanent 1st molar's distal cusp and mesial cusp of the mandibular permanent 2nd molar, resulting in the appearance of a protruded mandible
• Pediatric dentistry


  Concerned with the care of the teeth and oral tissues of the child patient
• Pedodontist


  Dentist who specializes in pediatric dentistry
• Primary dentition


  First dentition to erupt (5-8 yrs old), consist of 20 deciduous teeth which will be replaced by secondary or permanent teeth

  
• Development and growth concerns of pediatric dentition

  • Caries
  • Epulis
  • Abscess
  • Cellulitis
  • Anodontia
  • Macrodontia
  • Hyperdontia
  • Hypodontia
  • Enamel hypoplasia
  • Dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • Amelogenesis imperfecta
  • Aplasia
  • Dens in dente
  • Germination
  • Fusion of the tooth
  • Early tooth exfoliation
  • Intrinsic pigmentation

  
• Developmental tissue and bone problems

  • Odontoma
  • Macroglossia
  • Ankyloglossia
  • Fissure tongue
  • Abnormal labial frenum
  • Micrognathia
  • Cherubism

  
• Professional preventive care


  • Fluoride application
  • Enameloplasty
  • Pit and fissure sealant application
  • Oral surgery
  • Space maintainer
• Periodontology


  Field of dentistry that deals with the treatment of diseases of the tissue around the teeth, commonly called the "Periodontium"

  
• Components of the periodontium

  • Gingiva
  • Periodontal ligaments
  • Alveolar bone process

  
• Attached gingiva


  Portion which is firm, dense, stippled, and bound to the underlying periosteum, tooth, and bone

  
• Keratinized gingiva


  Hard tissue, also called masticatory mucosa. The area where the gingiva and mucous membrane unite, which is indicated by color changes from pink gingiva to red mucosa, is called the mucogingival border

  
• Marginal gingiva


  Portion which is unattached to underlying tissues and helps to form the sides of the gingival crevice also called the free marginal gingiva, forming the gingival sulcus, approximately 1 to 3 mm in depth

  
• Papillary gingiva


  Part of marginal gingiva that occupies the interproximal spaces

  
• Principal types of periodontal ligaments

  • Alveolar crest fibers
  • Horizontal fibers
  • Oblique fibers
  • Apical fiber bundles
  • Interadicular fiber bundles
• Alveolar bone process


  Compact bone that forms tooth socket, supported by the stronger bone tissue of the mandible and maxilla and accepts the periodontal fiber attachment. The alveolar process makes up the cribform plate to form and line the tooth socket

  
• Periodontal probe


  Most common instrument used for measurement of the gingival pocket index records, round or a flat bladed hand instrument marked in millimeter increments
• Periodontal treatment methods


  • Prophylaxis
  • Root planning
  • Polishing
• Prophylaxis


  Treatment consisting of flaking, scaling or scraping off any hard deposits or stains on tooth surfaces
• Root planning


  Removal of all detectable deposits and endotoxin on the accessible cementum
• Polishing


  Buffing tooth surfaces with power or hand tools and pumice polish