Case study p1

• Mount St Helens (Washington, USA)

  • The volcano erupted at 08:32 on 18$^{th}$ May 1980
• Mount St Helens

  • 57 deaths
  • 250 homes lost
  • 250 km$^2$ of forest destroyed
• Mount St Helens

  • $1.1 billion was needed for repairs
• Chaiten (central coast of Chile)

  • The volcano erupted at 01:10 on 2$^{nd}$ May 2008
• Chaiten

  • 1 death
  • 90 % town destroyed
  • Almost everyone had evacuated
• Chaiten

  • Now they monitor the 43 volcanoes in the area
  • $2,200 was given to each family
• Kobe (Japan)

  • A destructive earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 began at 05:46 on 17$^{th}$ January 1995
• Kobe

  • 6,400 killed
  • 40,000 casualties (dead or injured)
  • 250,000 homeless
  • 300 fires which too 2 days to put out
  • 200,000 budlings destroyed
• Kobe

  • $100 billion to rebuild
  • 4 years later 134,000 homes had been built
• Nepal

  • A destructive earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 began at 11:26 on 25$^{th}$ April 2015 and that triggered an avalanche
• Nepal

  • 9,000 died
  • 3,000,000 homeless
  • 7,000 schools destroyed
  • $5 billion in damage to historical landmarks
  • 50 % of shops destroyed
• Hurricane Irma was a category 5 hurricane that occurred on the 6$^{th}$ of September 2017 in the Caribbean
• Hurricane Irma

  • 11,200 were evacuated
  • Boats tied down
  • 134 deaths
  • $65 billion in damages
• Hurricane Irma

  • £57 million in funding
  • 120 tonnes of aid
  • 6 medical healthcare experts
• Typhoon Haiyan was a category 5 typhoon that occurred on the 8$^{th}$ of November 2013 in the Philippines
• Typhoon Haiyan

  • 7,500 deaths
  • 71,000 hectares of farmland lost
• Typhoon Haiyan

  • Removal of bodies was slow which decreased sanitation
• Somerset was artificially drained to allow productive farming
• Somerset

  • 600 homes and 16 farms were evacuated
  • £10 billion in damages
  • Lost the tourism industry £200 million
  • Oil polluted the water
• Somerset

  • Flooding on the Levels Action Group led by local people gave aid
  • Long term dredging projects were started (Moors Action Plan)
• One of Malaysia's most important agricultural products is palm oil and they commercially farm it because it is in more 50% of packaged products
• Bakun Dam in Malaysia is the largest in Asia, outside of China and the dam's reservoir flooded over 700km² of forests and farmland
• Mining for bauxite is common in Malaysia
• During the 1980s, Malaysia was the world's largest exporter of tropical wood
• It is estimated that illegal logging denies revenues to the people of Malaysia in the order of USD 500m per annum
• The Met Office UK has seen a temperature increase of 1 C since 1980
• The Great Green Wall is an African-led project with an epic ambition: to grow an 8,000km natural wonder of the world across Africa’s entire width