all unit review

• Indian Ocean Sea Lanes


  Trade route throughout the Indian Ocean
• Silk Roads


  Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia
• Trans-Saharan Trade Route


  A trade route that connected North Africa to the Middle East mostly via the Sahara Desert
• Dar al-Islam


  "House of Islam" - everywhere Islam is GEOGRAPHICALLY
• Decentralized government


  Government where power is divided among national and state governments (broken-up)
• Byzantine Empire


  Eastern portion of the Roman Empire
• Song Dynasty


  The Dynasty that controlled China (1200-1450)
• Abbasid Caliphate


  Important Caliphate that ruled South Asia and the Middle East (1200-1450)
• Great Zimbabwe


  A powerful state in the African interior that emerged from trade
• Confucianism


  Philosophy based on the teachings of Confucius; believes in hierarchy within the government, family, etc
• Neo-Confucianism


  The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist beliefs and combining them into this syncretic religion
• Mahayana Buddhism


  Religion based on Buddhism that focuses on Buddha's compassion ("fat and happy Buddha"); viewed Buddha as divine
• Theravada Buddhism


  Religion based on Buddhism that focuses on practice rather than beliefs; did not view Buddha as divine
• Sinification


  Term used to describe the widespread adoption of Chinese culture throughout East Asia
• Civil Service Exam


  Exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in China
• Grand Canal


  Massive canal linking northern and southern China; important for trade
• Champa rice


  Quick-maturing rice that can be harvested twice in one season; led to extreme population growth in China
• Proto-industrialization


  Term that describes the shift away from an agricultural economy
• Tribute system


  A system in which colonies/defeated lands were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor
• Scholar gentry


  Class of well-educated elite who worked for the Chinese government
• Foot binding


  Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; made it easier to confine women to the household
• Woodblock printing


  A form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood
• Gunpowder


  Dominant military technology used to expand European and Asian empires
• Compass


  Navigational technology used to measure directions
• Mamluk Sultanate


  Islamic Empire in Egypt (1200-1450)
• Seljuk Turks


  Nomadic group that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East; became the Ottoman Empire
• Mali Empire


  Islamic Empire located in West Africa
• 5 pillars of faith


  An aspect/practice of Islam that united people living in diasporic communities
• Umma


  Term for all Muslims as a COMMUNITY (not classified by region!!)
• Quran


  Holy book of Islam; united people living in diasporic communities
• House of Wisdom


  A center of learning established in Baghdad (Abbasid Caliphate)
• Baghdad


  Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate; major trade center
• Nasir al-Din al-Tusi


  Scholar and mathematician known for his significant advances in knowledge of mathematics (cultural innovator in Dar al-Islam)
• Al Razi


  Known as the greatest Muslim physician (cultural innovator in Dar al-Islam)
• A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah


  Known as the most prolific female Muslim writer (cultural innovator in Dar al-Islam)
• Sufism


  Philosophy based on Islamic mysticism (cultural innovation of Dar al-Islam)
• Harem


  Living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household
• Hadiths


  Traditions of the prophet Muhammad
• Polygyny


  A form of marriage in which men have more than one wife
• Battle of Tours


  European victory over Muslims; halted Muslim movement into Western Europe